冠状病毒比流感更严重吗?以下是这两种疾病的比较
新发现证实，COVID-19比专家最初认为的更具传染性。
每年从10月到5月，国际健康覆盖主要集中在流感上，这是有充分理由的:根据世界卫生组织的数据，流感的传染性是出了名的，每年可导致多达4500万人患病疾病控制和预防中心. 但今年新冠病毒爆发(又名COVID-19)占据了新闻头条，自疫情爆发以来导致数十万美国人患病。
流感病毒和冠状病毒都是具有相似症状、传播和预防方法的高度传染性疾病，但两者是否一定比另一种更糟？在这里传染性疾病美国各地的专家对这两种疾病的各个方面进行比较，以确定冠状病毒是否比流感更严重，反之亦然。
症状
季节性流感病毒（包括甲型流感和甲型流感）B型流感病毒)和COVID-19是会导致呼吸道疾病的传染性病毒。
根据疾病预防控制中心的说法在美国，流感的典型症状是发烧、咳嗽、喉咙痛、肌肉酸痛、头痛、流涕或鼻塞通常情况下，后两种症状在儿童中更常见。这些流感症状通常在2到5天的潜伏期后突然出现。
虽然大多数感染流感的人会在大约两周内完全康复，但对一些人(大多数是免疫系统受损的人)来说，流感可能会导致肺炎等并发症。根据最近的数据疾病预防控制中心美国今年只有1%的流感患者住院治疗。
至于新冠病毒-19，CDC描述了广泛的症状，如发烧；咳嗽呼吸急促（气促）或呼吸困难；发冷或因发冷而颤抖；肌肉疼痛；头痛喉咙痛；以及在接触病毒后2至14天出现的味觉或嗅觉丧失。1月30日发表在《华尔街日报》上的一项研究仅涉及100名病毒感染者刺胳针报告指出，最常见的症状是发烧、咳嗽和气短，约5%的人报告喉咙痛和流鼻涕，只有1-2%的人报告腹泻、恶心和呕吐。
根据研究，如果症状听起来非常相似，那是因为它们非常相似马里兰州Manisha Juthani他是耶鲁大学医学院传染病专家。Juthani博士说:“仅从症状来看，COVID-19和流感很难区分。”
治疗、疫苗和预防
第一个也是最主要的区别是新型冠状病毒这导致了COVID-19的治疗和疫苗的缺乏。“人们经常把流感比作COVID-19，但我们有预防流感的疫苗和治疗流感的药物。目前，我们没有针对COVID-19的(批准的)药物或疫苗，”Juthani博士说。
以流感疫苗为例1945年首次获准用于平民-现在，医生建议所有六个月以上的人每年注射流感疫苗，最早最好在十月底。治疗流感也是一种选择，可以使用抗病毒药物，如达菲它可以缩短你生病的时间，并预防肺炎等流感并发症。但是，达菲要想有效发挥作用，就必须在出现症状的48小时内服用，而且大多数流感病例都很轻微，除了休息和症状管理，甚至不需要其他治疗。
科学家们目前正在研究冠状病毒疫苗. 但正如美国国立卫生研究院急诊研究办公室主任、该书作者杰里米·布朗博士所说流感:治愈历史上最致命疾病的百年狩猎，之前被告知健康,从早期开发到人体试验的整个疫苗过程可能需要花费大量时间和金钱。幸运的是，在为目前的冠状病毒研制疫苗的过程中，研究人员可能会发现有助于治疗甚至预防未来疫情爆发的线索。
在这一点上，让你自己远离感染的最佳选择是遵循CDC对所有呼吸道疾病的建议。这包括经常用肥皂和水洗手至少20秒;未洗手的手未接触眼、鼻和口;保持社会距离;避免与病人密切接触;生病时待在家里;佩戴口罩，对经常接触的物体和表面进行消毒。
病毒传播
在流感和冠状病毒中，主要的传播途径似乎是人与人之间通过呼吸道传播，基本上是通过与感染者咳嗽和打喷嚏产生的呼吸道飞沫密切接触（在6英尺以内）。流感和冠状病毒也有相似的时期，人们无症状但仍有传染性。Juthani博士解释说：“这两种病毒似乎都能使人在出现症状之前传播病毒。”。
然而，最新证据表明，COVID-19的传染性和传播速度比流感要快得多。
布朗博士说:“在公共卫生领域，我们衡量的是一种叫做R0(读作r -零)的东西，它是指一个人感染病毒的平均人数。”他继续解释说，流感的R0大约是1.3，这意味着大约有1.3人从每10个感染病毒的人那里感染病毒。另一方面，麻疹具有极强的传染性，R0为12-18。(当然，我们有麻疹疫苗。)COVID-19呢?美国疾病控制与预防中心最近对中国确诊病例的分析显示，SARS-CoV-2的Ro值为5.7。这一数字高于此前估计的2.2，该研究在预定发表于该杂志之前发布新发传染病．
R0为5.7意味着82%的人口必须通过接种疫苗或之前的感染对病毒免疫，以实现所谓的群体免疫研究作者指出。在2.2，只有55%的人口需要免疫才能阻止传播。
感染的严重程度和死亡率
根据疾病预防控制中心的说法，大多数感染流感的人将在几天到两周内康复，但少数人可能会出现并发症，其中一些可能危及生命。这些并发症的高危人群包括65岁以上的人、患有慢性疾病的人、孕妇和5岁以下的儿童。
据世界卫生组织(WHO)估计，全球每年有29万至65万人死于流感，其中包括1.2万至6.1万美国人。截至2020年4月4日，目前的流感季节已经造成了大约损失24000到62000条生命CDC估计。
虽然我们不知道冠状病毒大流行将如何爆发，但我们知道，全球已有超过220万例确诊冠状病毒病例，超过15万人死亡。仅在美国，COVID-19就夺走了大约3.5万人的生命——记住，这是在采取措施减缓传播的情况下。研究人员曾一度估计，如果不采取缓解措施来阻止冠状病毒的传播，多达150万至220万美国人可能会死亡华盛顿邮报．
虽然大多数冠状病毒病例都是轻微的，但COVID-19可能导致严重疾病，包括住院和死亡，尤其是在老年人中。
2019冠状病毒病的实际感染人数尚不清楚(由于检测不足和在家康复的人数不足)，因此很难计算准确的死亡率。但包括美国国家过敏和传染病研究所所长、医学博士安东尼·福奇(Anthony Fauci)在内的健康专家表示，这种新型冠状病毒的致命性是季节性流感的10倍。
在获得疫苗或有效治疗之前，我们更有理由坚持采取保护措施，包括社交距离和手部卫生。
截至记者发稿时，这篇报道中的信息是准确的。然而，随着围绕新冠病毒-19的情况继续发展，一些数据自发表以来可能发生了变化。虽然卫生部正在努力使我们的报道尽可能保持最新，但我们也鼓励读者通过使用疾病预防控制中心，谁以及当地的公共卫生部门作为资源。
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You might have wild dreams when you're ill—fever can do that. But bizarre or emotionally intense fever dreams are not recognized as a symptom of COVID-19.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Wear a mask", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 7387, "lastModified": "2021-10-16T19:37:09.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Wash your hands", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 42366, "lastModified": "2021-10-17T01:31:14.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Maintain social distance from others", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 6549, "lastModified": "2021-10-16T22:45:59.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Wipe down groceries packaged in cardboard or plastic wrap with bleach", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 63222, "lastModified": "2021-10-17T09:19:20.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "To slow the spread of COVID-19, don't do this:", "question_id": "Q3", "answer_description": "CDC specifically warns against using disinfecting products on food or food packaging. You don't want to accidentally taint your food. Plus, the risk of COVID-19 from handling or consuming food is thought to be low. Use disinfectants like bleach to wipe down tables, countertops, and faucets
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "A multi-layer medical procedure mask (aka a surgical mask or disposable face mask)", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 9660, "lastModified": "2021-10-17T03:52:25.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A mask with a vent or valve", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 84677, "lastModified": "2021-10-17T09:19:20.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A cloth mask made of two or more breathable, washable layers", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 19216, "lastModified": "2021-10-17T09:07:25.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A cloth mask over a surgical mask", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 5970, "lastModified": "2021-10-17T07:09:31.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which masking option is least effective for stopping the spread of COVID-19?", "question_id": "Q4", "answer_description": "If your mask has a vent or valve, respiratory particles may escape and reach other people. Opt instead for a well-fitting mask with multiple layers, or wear a cloth mask over a disposable mask to secure the underlying mask to your face.
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" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "A variant", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 80922, "lastModified": "2021-10-17T09:19:20.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A high viral load", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 9535, "lastModified": "2021-10-13T14:46:03.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A vaccine", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 11443, "lastModified": "2021-10-16T06:55:33.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Another virus, like influenza", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 17624, "lastModified": "2021-10-17T09:07:25.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "A mutated version of the virus that causes COVID-19 is called:", "question_id": "Q7", "answer_description": "Variants of the virus that causes COVID-19 have been identified in the US and around the world. Scientists are studying these variants to learn how they spread and whether current vaccines will protect against them.
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" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Women who want to become pregnant some day", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 11257, "lastModified": "2021-10-17T03:52:25.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Anyone who has had a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to any vaccine ingredient", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 66100, "lastModified": "2021-10-17T09:19:20.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "People who have recovered from COVID-19", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 10010, "lastModified": "2021-10-17T02:31:51.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "People with underlying medical conditions", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 32157, "lastModified": "2021-10-17T04:48:07.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Who should not get a COVID-19 vaccine?", "question_id": "Q9", "answer_description": "CDC does not recommend COVID vaccination if you've had a severe allergic reaction to any COVID vaccine ingredient. Contact your doctor if you have questions about whether it's safe for you to be vaccinated.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "You can't get COVID-19 from a COVID-19 shot", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 19457, "lastModified": "2021-10-17T07:53:26.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Side effects are generally mild and short-lived", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 7752, "lastModified": "2021-10-17T06:27:25.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "It can take a few weeks after getting vaccinated for your body to build immunity to the virus", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 4582, "lastModified": "2021-10-17T09:07:25.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "None of the above", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 87733, "lastModified": "2021-10-17T09:19:20.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which of the following statements about COVID-19 are false?", "question_id": "Q10", "answer_description": "Vaccination is safe, effective, and an important tool for beating the pandemic.
" } ], "description": "News about the novel coronavirus is breaking nearly 24-7, which makes it challenging at best to keep up with the latest scientific evidence, especially when you're bombarded by false or misleading claims on social media. So how much do you really know about COVID-19? Take our quiz to gauge how knowledgeable you are.
", "gate": "none", "intro_page": true, "uuid": "c5d20a0c-6b54-4691-ac5b-7362b5c9e58c", "brand": "health", "headline": "Quiz: How Much Do You Know About Coronavirus?", "results": [ { "result_starting_range": 0, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Start Learning More", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 3, "result_description": "Time to bone up on the basic facts about COVID-19. Check out our COVID-19 condition center and subscribe to our daily Healthy Living newsletter and never miss an update.
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