新研究表明，无症状携带者仍可能传播冠状病毒
最新的证据表明，它比之前认为的更普遍。
美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)、世界卫生组织和其他声誉良好的机构就如何做到这一点提供了建议保护自己远离冠状病毒很简单:勤洗手应佩戴口罩，保持与他人的身体距离，如有症状(就医除外)，应待在家中。但现在有令人信服的证据表明，即使是人没有症状可能会传播病毒
据国家过敏和传染病研究所主任Anthony Fauci，据统计，卫生官员在人口中发生的无症式蔓延的水平“只是猜测”。在4月5日白宫Coronavirus工作队媒体简报中，他将无症状的案例的数量“在25％到50％之间。”
内特·法维尼医学博士医学主管向前， 告诉健康今年3月，“鉴于COVID-19的传播速度，似乎有可能是无症状或轻度症状的人在传播病毒中发挥了作用。”
最新研究告诉我们无症状的传播
无症状传播似乎比之前想象的更为普遍。一份来自中国的报告发表在《美国医学会杂志》网络开放该研究对78名sars - cov -2检测呈阳性的人进行了观察。这些人要么接触过湖南海鲜市场(冠状病毒早期病例的发生地)，要么与住院患者有过密切接触。在这些个体中，42%是无症状的。与那些有症状的人相比，无症状组更年轻，主要是女性。它们也会在更短的时间内释放病毒。
另外，澳大利亚的研究人员，在期刊上报告胸腔，描述Covid-19乘客和船员的Covid-19测试，乘坐游轮，在全球大流行中，在3月中旬在3月中旬离开阿根廷。所有在登机前筛查症状，并且没有乘客或船员被允许董事会。第三天，作出了决定终止巡航。八天，一位乘客发烧了，然后其他人摔倒了。最终，在船上的217人中，128人测试了正面。在确认的Covid-19的那些中，只有24例有症状，而大多数是一个惊人的81％ - 没有症状。
出现了无症状携带者迅速传播的早期预警迹象
美国可能出现的无症状传播的早期案例，发生在2月底在波士顿万豪长码头(Boston Marriott Long Wharf)举行的百健(Biogen)会议期间。据CNN报道，会议结束后，三名员工的冠状病毒检测呈阳性，但马萨诸塞州公共卫生部发言人通过CNN指出，这三名员工在会议期间没有表现出症状。截至3月27日马萨诸塞州公共卫生部在该州追踪到99例冠状病毒病例，都是拜根会议与会者及其家庭接触者。
来自不同渠道的研究也指出无症状或轻度症状的携带者，这可能是重要的传播。一份研究报告，将发表在疾控中心杂志上新发传染病该研究发现，连锁传播病例之间的间隔时间不到一周，超过10%的患者是由携带病毒但尚未出现症状的人感染的。“数据表明，这种冠状病毒可能会像流感一样传播，”德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校综合生物学教授劳伦·安塞尔·迈耶斯(Lauren Ancel Meyers)在一份报告中解释说新闻稿．“这意味着我们需要迅速采取积极行动，遏制新出现的威胁。”
人们似乎在知道自己生病之前就传播了病毒
还有两项研究，都没有经过同行评审，只是发布在网上MedRxiv这是一个由耶鲁大学医学杂志创办的预印本服务器BMJ纽约的冷泉港实验室 - 发现前症状人民负责压倒性的整体传播。
其中一项研究，由荷兰和比利时的研究人员分享两冠状病毒,分析了集群在新加坡和天津,中国,并发现48%到66%的新加坡地区的91人感染人的感染是pre-symptomatic,而62%至77%的135人被从人冠状病毒尚未在天津集群显示症状。其他的研究中,由加拿大、荷兰和新加坡的研究人员共享并对新加坡和天津的聚集性病例进行了研究，发现新冠病毒的传播时间平均为新加坡出现症状前2.55天，天津出现症状前2.89天。
今年2月，中国的研究人员发表了一份研究报告美国医学协会杂志据报道，中国武汉一名无症状女性在前往中国安阳的途中将病毒传染给了5名家庭成员，所有人都患上了COVID-19肺炎。该研究的作者写道:“事件的顺序表明，冠状病毒可能是由无症状携带者传播的。”
这不足为奇威廉·贝塔尔，博士，全球卫生智库ACCESS health International的主席，建议:接触者追踪他表示，该计划已在新加坡和韩国实施。这种方法首先测试每个有症状的人;然后，在识别出那些携带病毒的人之后，试图找到并测试每一个感染者在两周内接触过的人。Haseltine说，从本质上讲，关键不在于一个地区有多少个测试，而在于它们是如何使用的。他说:“你想在人们生病之前及早发现他们。”
截至发稿时，这篇报道中的信息是准确的。然而，随着围绕COVID-19的形势继续发展，一些数据可能自发布以来发生了变化。在《健康》杂志努力使我们的故事尽可能最新的同时，我们也鼓励读者通过使用疾病预防控制中心，谁以及当地的公共卫生部门作为资源。
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You might have wild dreams when you're ill—fever can do that. But bizarre or emotionally intense fever dreams are not recognized as a symptom of COVID-19.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Wear a mask", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 6829, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T09:48:28.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Wash your hands", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 42237, "lastModified": "2021-07-28T21:15:17.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Maintain social distance from others", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 6259, "lastModified": "2021-07-28T15:27:49.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Wipe down groceries packaged in cardboard or plastic wrap with bleach", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 52825, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T11:28:35.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "To slow the spread of COVID-19, don't do this:", "question_id": "Q3", "answer_description": "CDC specifically warns against using disinfecting products on food or food packaging. You don't want to accidentally taint your food. Plus, the risk of COVID-19 from handling or consuming food is thought to be low. Use disinfectants like bleach to wipe down tables, countertops, and faucets
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "A multi-layer medical procedure mask (aka a surgical mask or disposable face mask)", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 8650, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T11:16:40.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A mask with a vent or valve", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 77718, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T11:28:35.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A cloth mask made of two or more breathable, washable layers", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 16849, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T11:20:24.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A cloth mask over a surgical mask", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 4932, "lastModified": "2021-07-28T22:21:09.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which masking option is least effective for stopping the spread of COVID-19?", "question_id": "Q4", "answer_description": "If your mask has a vent or valve, respiratory particles may escape and reach other people. Opt instead for a well-fitting mask with multiple layers, or wear a cloth mask over a disposable mask to secure the underlying mask to your face.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Anal swab testing", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 92047, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T11:28:35.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Nasal swab testing", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 11158, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T09:25:30.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Saliva testing", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 2953, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T09:14:37.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Throat swab testing", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 1991, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T07:53:01.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which COVID-19 screening method is not routinely in use in the US?", "question_id": "Q5", "answer_description": "Most diagnostic tests rely on mucus collected from your nose or throat, and some use saliva that you spit into a test tube. While China is using anal swab testing, that method hasn't caught on in the US.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "2 to 12 hours", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 4826, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T11:16:40.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "3 days", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 22979, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T11:28:35.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "14 days", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 79561, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T11:20:24.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "30 days", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 784, "lastModified": "2021-07-28T21:05:14.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "How long is the incubation period—the amount time from when you are infected with the novel coronavirus to when you exhibit symptoms?", "question_id": "Q6", "answer_description": "The incubation is thought to be 14 days, with a median of 4 to 5 days. (But keep in mind that some people never develop symptoms).
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "A variant", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 70053, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T11:28:35.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A high viral load", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 9413, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T00:14:14.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A vaccine", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 11293, "lastModified": "2021-07-28T18:54:42.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Another virus, like influenza", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 17391, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T02:11:18.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "A mutated version of the virus that causes COVID-19 is called:", "question_id": "Q7", "answer_description": "Variants of the virus that causes COVID-19 have been identified in the US and around the world. Scientists are studying these variants to learn how they spread and whether current vaccines will protect against them.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Researchers have coined the term \"coronaphobia\" to describe the fear of contracting COVID-19", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 8365, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T10:37:49.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "The virus that causes COVID-19 can sometimes spread through tiny airborne particles", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 14265, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T09:44:15.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "The term \"long-haulers\" refers to people who experience long-term coronavirus symptoms", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 5685, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T04:40:00.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "COVID-19 is just like having the seasonal flu", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 79836, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T11:28:35.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which of the following statements is false?", "question_id": "Q8", "answer_description": "Early on, some people speculated that the novel coronavirus would behave like the seasonal flu. Now we know COVID-19 is much more contagious and spreads more rapidly than influenza.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Women who want to become pregnant some day", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 10812, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T07:07:20.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Anyone who has had a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to any vaccine ingredient", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 56715, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T11:28:35.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "People who have recovered from COVID-19", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 9600, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T09:14:37.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "People with underlying medical conditions", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 31023, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T10:22:25.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Who should not get a COVID-19 vaccine?", "question_id": "Q9", "answer_description": "CDC does not recommend COVID vaccination if you've had a severe allergic reaction to any COVID vaccine ingredient. Contact your doctor if you have questions about whether it's safe for you to be vaccinated.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "You can't get COVID-19 from a COVID-19 shot", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 16369, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T11:28:35.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Side effects are generally mild and short-lived", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 6499, "lastModified": "2021-07-28T22:36:54.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "It can take a few weeks after getting vaccinated for your body to build immunity to the virus", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 3938, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T09:32:20.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "None of the above", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 81344, "lastModified": "2021-07-29T11:20:24.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which of the following statements about COVID-19 are false?", "question_id": "Q10", "answer_description": "Vaccination is safe, effective, and an important tool for beating the pandemic.
" } ], "description": "News about the novel coronavirus is breaking nearly 24-7, which makes it challenging at best to keep up with the latest scientific evidence, especially when you're bombarded by false or misleading claims on social media. So how much do you really know about COVID-19? Take our quiz to gauge how knowledgeable you are.
", "gate": "none", "intro_page": true, "uuid": "c5d20a0c-6b54-4691-ac5b-7362b5c9e58c", "brand": "health", "headline": "Quiz: How Much Do You Know About Coronavirus?", "results": [ { "result_starting_range": 0, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Start Learning More", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 3, "result_description": "Time to bone up on the basic facts about COVID-19. Check out our COVID-19 condition center and subscribe to our daily Healthy Living newsletter and never miss an update.
\nMore on COVID-19:
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\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
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\nLiving Through a Pandemic: A Guide to Surviving the New Normal
\nCoronavirus 101: Symptoms, Transmission, Severity and More
\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
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