5种可能使对抗冠状病毒更加困难的先存条件
如果您有某些身体健康问题或心理健康障碍，您可能更容易受到Covid-19的影响。
来自新型冠状病毒COVID-19最早出现的中国的早期数据显示，一些人面临着新型冠状病毒引发严重健康并发症的更高风险。根据疾病控制和预防中心（CDC），这包括患有严重慢性疾病的人，如心脏疾病、糖尿病、肺病和心理健康比如抑郁和焦虑。
以下是为什么这些情况会增加COVID-19并发症的风险，以及如果你受到影响，你应该做什么。
心脏疾病
心脏病的人往往有其他潜在的条件高血压，胆固醇升高，糖尿病和肺部疾病，这些疾病削弱了身体抵抗病毒感染的健康防御系统（包括免疫系统），医学博士威廉·李，内科科学家和吃来战胜疾病:你的身体如何自我治愈的新科学,他告诉健康。
“与Covid-19相关的发烧对身体的代谢要求进行了额外的应变，强调了已经削弱的心脏，”李博士解释道。“肺炎普通患有Covid-19，使肺部含氧化血液的含量。这会对心脏进行进一步的压力。“此外，由感染引起的炎症会损坏心脏泵血的血管衬里。
李博士常规锻炼（当然，当然）和健康的饮食，帮助加强在Covid-19时代的心脏。
慢性呼吸系统疾病
包括哮喘和肺动脉高压的慢性呼吸系统疾病（CRD）是呼吸道和肺部其他部位的疾病。CRD的人需要对冠状病毒特别警惕，因为可能的并发症之一是肺炎。“肺炎妥协了肺部给身体带来氧气，”李博士解释道。“在已经患有慢性呼吸系统疾病的患者中，它可能是致命的。”
除了遵循CDC的洗手、社会距离和其他冠状病毒预防措施的指导方针之外，COPD基金会还为慢性阻塞性肺疾病（如慢性支气管炎或肺气肿）患者发表了进一步的建议。如报告所述肺动脉顾问这包括手边有至少30天所需的所有药物供应。如果患者需要氧气供应，他们应该联系他们的供应商，了解如何为所在地区的COVID-19爆发做好准备。
糖尿病
是什么让冠状病毒对糖尿病患者如此危险？首先，由于免疫系统受到损害，人体更难抵御冠状病毒国际糖尿病基金会(IDF)。当血糖水平高时，病毒也会大量繁殖。
患有糖尿病的人在其身体上具有提高的炎症水平，这是另一个危险因素。“如果你有病毒感染，那可以更容易进入肺炎，因为糖尿病本身是一种炎症性疾病，”Maria Pena，MD，西奈山森林山森林山的内分泌服务主任，以前曾告诉过健康。“也很重要的是要注意，当一个人有糖尿病时，压力发作，如病毒感染，可以增加血糖水平，这也可以导致并发症。”
在2019冠状病毒疾病爆发前，每个人都应该采取预防措施（IDF），IDF说，这对糖尿病患者来说更为重要。这意味着要经常彻底洗手，尽可能避免接触面部，清洁和消毒频繁接触的表面，避免与有呼吸道疾病症状的人密切接触。
IDF还建议糖尿病患者采取额外的预防措施。监测血糖水平应该是首要任务，因为任何一种感染都可以提高血糖水平。这增加了对水的需求，所以有足够的供应是很重要的。为隔离做准备，要确保你有足够的药物、检测用品和食物，以维持至少一个月。
糖尿病患者应特别注意社交。”作为一名糖尿病患者，我会避免超市或其他公共集会，”佩纳博士说。
抑郁和焦虑
Covid-19不仅影响人们预先存在的身体状况 - 它可能会对那些有心理健康问题的人产生严重影响，如焦虑和抑郁，即使你没有感染冠状病毒。
“对病毒及其引起的所有变化的恐惧使每个人的焦虑水平都在上升，但对于患有焦虑症的人来说，情况更糟。”萨尔察，MD，纽约长老会医院Weill-Cornell医学院和即将到来的副教授人格学iHeartRadio的播客告诉我们健康。萨尔茨博士警告说，那些控制了自己的疾病的人可能会复发，而那些积极挣扎的人可能会有更多的症状。
她补充道：“焦虑还会加重抑郁症，尤其是那个些抑郁属于‘烦躁’类型的人，这是一种以神经过敏、焦虑、易怒行为为特征的疾病亚型。”。
与COVID-19患者一起在家的焦虑或抑郁患者可能会发现护理负担导致他们的心理健康进一步恶化。“护理工作压力很大，”萨尔茨医生说。“在很多情况下，这是一个全天候的工作，对于那些已经在奋斗的人来说，这可能是压倒性的。”她补充说，保持社交距离、隔离和失去工作或学校的结构也会增加孤独感，从而增加焦虑和抑郁的症状。
然而，通过积极关注心理健康，这些症状可以减轻。萨尔茨博士建议每天锻炼30分钟，并尝试深呼吸和专注等放松技巧，以帮助控制焦虑。
她说，在您的一天中拥有结构也很重要，即使您是自隔离的或检疫。这意味着与您通常会同时起床，淋浴，衣服，创造和坚持时间表，并保持正常睡眠。如果您在家工作，请制作专用工作站。
如果你需要专业的帮助，即使你不能去医生的办公室，它仍然在那里。萨尔茨博士说:“大多数治疗师都转向在线治疗，以适应他们的病人。”如果你为了精神健康而服用药物，确保你有30天的供应。
孤独是所有年龄组中人群的问题，即使您自己没有心理健康问题，您可能知道某人。“与你知道谁也是自隔离的人一起检查，”Saltz博士说。“与他人交谈和支持他人可能会让你感觉更好。”
截至发稿时，这篇报道中的信息是准确的。然而，随着围绕COVID-19的形势继续发展，一些数据可能自发布以来发生了变化。在《健康》杂志努力使我们的故事尽可能最新的同时，我们也鼓励读者通过使用疾病控制中心,WHO，以及他们当地的公共卫生部门作为资源。
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You might have wild dreams when you're ill—fever can do that. But bizarre or emotionally intense fever dreams are not recognized as a symptom of COVID-19.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Wear a mask", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 6969, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T07:32:26.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Wash your hands", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 42274, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T07:27:18.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Maintain social distance from others", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 6328, "lastModified": "2021-08-14T04:43:58.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Wipe down groceries packaged in cardboard or plastic wrap with bleach", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 55184, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T07:38:48.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "To slow the spread of COVID-19, don't do this:", "question_id": "Q3", "answer_description": "CDC specifically warns against using disinfecting products on food or food packaging. You don't want to accidentally taint your food. Plus, the risk of COVID-19 from handling or consuming food is thought to be low. Use disinfectants like bleach to wipe down tables, countertops, and faucets
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "A multi-layer medical procedure mask (aka a surgical mask or disposable face mask)", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 8895, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T05:58:11.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A mask with a vent or valve", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 79298, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T07:33:50.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A cloth mask made of two or more breathable, washable layers", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 17388, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T07:16:02.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A cloth mask over a surgical mask", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 5173, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T07:38:48.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which masking option is least effective for stopping the spread of COVID-19?", "question_id": "Q4", "answer_description": "If your mask has a vent or valve, respiratory particles may escape and reach other people. Opt instead for a well-fitting mask with multiple layers, or wear a cloth mask over a disposable mask to secure the underlying mask to your face.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Anal swab testing", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 94296, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T07:38:48.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Nasal swab testing", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 11336, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T07:33:50.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Saliva testing", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 3041, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T03:36:01.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Throat swab testing", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 2081, "lastModified": "2021-08-14T19:37:15.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which COVID-19 screening method is not routinely in use in the US?", "question_id": "Q5", "answer_description": "Most diagnostic tests rely on mucus collected from your nose or throat, and some use saliva that you spit into a test tube. While China is using anal swab testing, that method hasn't caught on in the US.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "2 to 12 hours", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 5001, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T06:48:47.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "3 days", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 23782, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T07:16:02.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "14 days", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 81175, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T07:38:48.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "30 days", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 797, "lastModified": "2021-08-14T07:42:14.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "How long is the incubation period—the amount time from when you are infected with the novel coronavirus to when you exhibit symptoms?", "question_id": "Q6", "answer_description": "The incubation is thought to be 14 days, with a median of 4 to 5 days. (But keep in mind that some people never develop symptoms).
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "A variant", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 72508, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T07:38:48.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A high viral load", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 9448, "lastModified": "2021-08-12T08:03:22.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A vaccine", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 11340, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T05:58:11.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Another virus, like influenza", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 17459, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T00:03:49.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "A mutated version of the virus that causes COVID-19 is called:", "question_id": "Q7", "answer_description": "Variants of the virus that causes COVID-19 have been identified in the US and around the world. Scientists are studying these variants to learn how they spread and whether current vaccines will protect against them.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Researchers have coined the term \"coronaphobia\" to describe the fear of contracting COVID-19", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 8789, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T07:27:18.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "The virus that causes COVID-19 can sometimes spread through tiny airborne particles", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 14411, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T07:38:48.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "The term \"long-haulers\" refers to people who experience long-term coronavirus symptoms", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 5828, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T01:34:08.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "COVID-19 is just like having the seasonal flu", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 81728, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T07:33:50.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which of the following statements is false?", "question_id": "Q8", "answer_description": "Early on, some people speculated that the novel coronavirus would behave like the seasonal flu. Now we know COVID-19 is much more contagious and spreads more rapidly than influenza.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Women who want to become pregnant some day", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 10917, "lastModified": "2021-08-14T21:13:02.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Anyone who has had a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to any vaccine ingredient", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 58814, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T07:38:48.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "People who have recovered from COVID-19", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 9698, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T03:52:37.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "People with underlying medical conditions", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 31326, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T05:27:43.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Who should not get a COVID-19 vaccine?", "question_id": "Q9", "answer_description": "CDC does not recommend COVID vaccination if you've had a severe allergic reaction to any COVID vaccine ingredient. Contact your doctor if you have questions about whether it's safe for you to be vaccinated.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "You can't get COVID-19 from a COVID-19 shot", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 17059, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T07:38:48.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Side effects are generally mild and short-lived", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 6799, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T07:33:50.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "It can take a few weeks after getting vaccinated for your body to build immunity to the virus", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 4096, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T06:48:47.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "None of the above", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 82801, "lastModified": "2021-08-15T07:27:18.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which of the following statements about COVID-19 are false?", "question_id": "Q10", "answer_description": "Vaccination is safe, effective, and an important tool for beating the pandemic.
" } ], "description": "News about the novel coronavirus is breaking nearly 24-7, which makes it challenging at best to keep up with the latest scientific evidence, especially when you're bombarded by false or misleading claims on social media. So how much do you really know about COVID-19? Take our quiz to gauge how knowledgeable you are.
", "gate": "none", "intro_page": true, "uuid": "c5d20a0c-6b54-4691-ac5b-7362b5c9e58c", "brand": "health", "headline": "Quiz: How Much Do You Know About Coronavirus?", "results": [ { "result_starting_range": 0, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Start Learning More", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 3, "result_description": "Time to bone up on the basic facts about COVID-19. Check out our COVID-19 condition center and subscribe to our daily Healthy Living newsletter and never miss an update.
\nMore on COVID-19:
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\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
", "result_title": "Not Much." }, { "result_starting_range": 4, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Learn Some More", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 6, "result_description": "Not bad, but there’s much more to know about this illness. Subscribe to our daily Healthy Living newsletter and never miss an update.
\nMore on COVID-19:
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\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
", "result_title": "You Know Some Things About Some Things." }, { "result_starting_range": 7, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Stay Updated with Newsletters", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 8, "result_description": "Terrific. Keep reading about COIVD-19 on Health.com and stay safe!
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\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
", "result_title": "You Are Certified to Debate on Social Media." }, { "result_starting_range": 9, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Sign Up for Newsletters", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 10, "result_description": "You are definitely in the know! Keep coming back to Health.com for the latest information.
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\nLiving Through a Pandemic: A Guide to Surviving the New Normal
\nCoronavirus 101: Symptoms, Transmission, Severity and More
\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
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