你是否已经在不知不觉中感染了冠状病毒?专家们解释为什么这是可能的
一个28岁的女子在二月份前往纽约市期间出现发烧症状，干咳，呼吸急促，但她的医生认为这是流感。当时它实际上COVID-19，并会影响是什么呢？
一周后，我回到密歇根州安阿伯的家中，半夜里我咳嗽不止。这种咳嗽是“无效的”，我现在知道这个词的意思是我不能排出粘液。咳嗽会让我喘不过气来，经常让我声音嘶哑，感觉好像要吐了。我的呼吸短促也越来越严重了。我平时很活跃，也很喜欢遛狗，每天在需要坐下之前，我几乎都不能带我的狗出去几分钟。
最后，大约两周后，我去看医生。“这感觉跟我以前吃过的都不一样，”我记得我对他说。他听了听我的肺，听起来还算正常。他宣称它是“一种病毒”，并坚称可能需要两到三周时间才能完全发挥作用。因为呼吸急促，我想到了冠状病毒，但当时很少有人谈论它，只在西海岸报道过。我对自己说，如果它甚至有可能，他会考验我，对不对？我当时并没有意识到在这个国家的任何地方进行的测试是多么的少。
也许我们很多人都在思考我们最近的疾病，并想知道，因为我同样的事情：它是一个重感冒，流感，或者COVID-19？于是，我伸手医生谁也许能帮助我找到答案和解释，如果我确实有冠状它意味着什么。
为什么今年早些时候患病的人可能患有未确诊的COVID-19
科学家认为这种病毒出现在中国2019年12月．国际旅游持续整个1月份，随着案件其他目的地，如澳大利亚，曼谷，韩国，法国，英国，日本和俄罗斯弹出。美国证实了1月21日其第一COVID-19的情况下，但这种病毒已经蔓延其他地方，太。
当我们意识到疫情在美国开始流行时，很有可能它已经在这里并得到了确认。追踪病毒的部分问题在于它的模糊性症状谱，与之相对相似一般感冒的症状或者流感，尤其是较温和的病毒形式:干咳、胸压痛、呼吸短促、恶心和腹泻．
流行病开始得很慢，但是拿起热因为社会上流传的开始。据格雷格施兰克，MD，MPH，在马里兰大学医学中心和COVID-19响应联合现场指挥官，大学的助理医院流行病学流行病学研究和病毒的基因分析表明COVID-19很可能“在这些震中社区循环数周至数月”的位置之前开始经历的案件激增。
这种病毒从今年年初开始就在美国传播，可能是在1月初或12月底，jagdish khubchandani印第安纳州波尔州立大学的副主席和健康科学教授，博士，公共卫生硕士告诉我们健康．他说:“根据研究报告的时间线和潜伏期，很多美国人很可能早在很久以前就感染了这种病毒，而我们现在才看到最严重的病例。”
施兰克博士说，当病毒刚刚开始在社区中传播时，感染人数很低，观察到“病例数翻倍所需的时间”是一周或更长健康．他说:“翻倍的时间主要是由潜伏期以及积极感染并能将病毒传播给他人的人数决定的。”“随着社区感染流行率的增加，翻倍的时间会减少，疫情的增长呈指数级增长。”
在早期，病毒很可能做圆，但在相对隐形模式，误以为其他常见的呼吸系统疾病。现在，我们有患者临界质量，提高测试访问，我们开始体验到病毒的快速增加一倍，从而导致指数增长和感染的激增。不及早测试和广泛的一个问题是，我们目前不知道是谁受到了感染，这可能提供了重要的个人见解和在大的国家。
知道自己是否被感染的后果
如果你感染了COVID-19，然后抗击病毒，许多科学家的理论是，你会变成对再感染免疫．就像类似的冠状病毒一样，抗体会帮助你的身体战胜疾病，身体也会继续发展至少短期免疫因为这些抗体在COVID-19消失后仍然存在。
这就是为什么知道谁拥有豁免权，我们在等待疫苗可能是至关重要的。“很多人会被感染，”威廉·沙夫纳，医学博士，在感染性疾病在医学范德比尔特大学医学院在美国田纳西州的分部教授告诉健康．“问题是，我们是否能够确定谁已经被感染，谁仍然容易感染?我们必须对每个人进行检测，看他们的血液中是否有蛋白质的证据表明他们已经受到了辐射。”
为了寻找那些蛋白质，我们需要一种检查方法。“实验室正在开发一个血液测试，以寻找这是一个标志，一个人最近感染了COVID-19抗体，”施兰克博士说。随着4月2日，发布了FDA它的第一个批准左旋公司的测试，将允许医疗专业人员寻找抗体。关于其他30家公司类似的测试也在进行中。
当然，知道你是否暴露在COVID-19中，没有症状，或者有轻微形式的COVID-19，现在没有症状，会缓解很多压力和疑惑。但在全国范围内，知道谁有免疫可能会产生更广泛的影响。沙夫纳博士说:“如果能快速简便地确定谁需要接种疫苗，谁不需要。”他还表示，这可以“帮助社区决定他们可以再次开放到何种程度。”
德国一直工作广泛测试对于免疫力，使他们能得到一定的人民重新工作宜早不宜迟。在英国的一些领导人也推动“免疫力护照，”这将清除一些必要的工作人员通过测试，看看他们是否已经暴露在病毒要回他们的工作。
知道谁已经受到影响是有帮助的，因为抗体也可以用于治疗COVID-19。Khubchandani说:“FDA刚刚批准在新病例中使用康复患者的抗体作为一种紧急调查新药方案。”3月28日,休斯顿卫理公会在得克萨斯州成为全国第一医院提供COVID-19等离子输血;西奈山医疗中心在纽约市也开始向他们提供。希望是贷款血浆抗体，在应对新型冠状病毒将帮助一些病人战胜疾病更容易开发。
现在该怎么办
沙夫纳博士认为，很多人都想知道自己是否有免疫力。“我们想测试急救人员;很多上了年纪的人都想知道。”沙夫纳博士补充说，这是为了简化测试，使其能够广泛应用。
如果有一线希望这个全球大流行，它是世界上科技创新的每一点是在冠状病毒被抛出现在。“我们必须保持乐观，因为所有的课本和新方法正在尝试[打COVID-19]，” Khubchandani说。
与此同时，即使你认为你可能已经被感染了，重要的是要表现得你非常脆弱——为了你自己，也为了别人——因为没有办法确定。“保持社交距离绝对是关键，”沙夫纳博士说。“这是我们今天可以做的事情，以防止感染，因为它是在密切接触中传播的。症状轻微或无症状，都有传染性;任何人都可以呼出病毒，如果你站得很近，就可能被感染。这就是为什么每个人都要保持社交距离，你不能只关注谁感冒了或发烧了。”
就我个人而言，我希望能做抗体测试，这样我就能弄清楚自己的免疫水平。但如果我从未得到它，也永远不知道我今年早些时候的病是不是COVID-19，那么我完全可以保持社交距离——让自己和我的社区在这场改变生活的大流行中更安全。
在这个故事中的信息准确无误截至记者发稿时。然而，随着周边COVID-19不断发展的情况下，它可能是自出版以来的一些数据已经改变。尽管健康试图保持我们的故事高达最新越好，我们也鼓励读者留在使用上的新闻和建议告诉了他们自己的社区疾病预防控制中心，WHO以及当地的公共卫生部门作为资源。
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You might have wild dreams when you're ill—fever can do that. But bizarre or emotionally intense fever dreams are not recognized as a symptom of COVID-19.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Wear a mask", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 7091, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T11:47:10.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Wash your hands", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 42306, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T15:17:45.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Maintain social distance from others", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 6405, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T15:23:09.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Wipe down groceries packaged in cardboard or plastic wrap with bleach", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 57576, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T19:13:40.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "To slow the spread of COVID-19, don't do this:", "question_id": "Q3", "answer_description": "CDC specifically warns against using disinfecting products on food or food packaging. You don't want to accidentally taint your food. Plus, the risk of COVID-19 from handling or consuming food is thought to be low. Use disinfectants like bleach to wipe down tables, countertops, and faucets
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "A multi-layer medical procedure mask (aka a surgical mask or disposable face mask)", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 9134, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T17:33:04.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A mask with a vent or valve", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 80883, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T19:13:40.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A cloth mask made of two or more breathable, washable layers", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 17931, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T19:00:59.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A cloth mask over a surgical mask", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 5429, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T18:46:58.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which masking option is least effective for stopping the spread of COVID-19?", "question_id": "Q4", "answer_description": "If your mask has a vent or valve, respiratory particles may escape and reach other people. Opt instead for a well-fitting mask with multiple layers, or wear a cloth mask over a disposable mask to secure the underlying mask to your face.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Anal swab testing", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 96541, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T19:13:40.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Nasal swab testing", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 11518, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T16:05:43.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Saliva testing", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 3140, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T14:36:33.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Throat swab testing", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 2178, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T17:59:34.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which COVID-19 screening method is not routinely in use in the US?", "question_id": "Q5", "answer_description": "Most diagnostic tests rely on mucus collected from your nose or throat, and some use saliva that you spit into a test tube. While China is using anal swab testing, that method hasn't caught on in the US.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "2 to 12 hours", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 5169, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T16:44:22.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "3 days", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 24634, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T19:09:41.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "14 days", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 82765, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T19:13:40.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "30 days", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 810, "lastModified": "2021-08-29T00:24:17.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "How long is the incubation period—the amount time from when you are infected with the novel coronavirus to when you exhibit symptoms?", "question_id": "Q6", "answer_description": "The incubation is thought to be 14 days, with a median of 4 to 5 days. (But keep in mind that some people never develop symptoms).
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "A variant", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 75023, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T19:13:40.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A high viral load", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 9474, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T02:39:31.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A vaccine", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 11371, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T07:41:52.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Another virus, like influenza", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 17510, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T15:17:45.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "A mutated version of the virus that causes COVID-19 is called:", "question_id": "Q7", "answer_description": "Variants of the virus that causes COVID-19 have been identified in the US and around the world. Scientists are studying these variants to learn how they spread and whether current vaccines will protect against them.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Researchers have coined the term \"coronaphobia\" to describe the fear of contracting COVID-19", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 9167, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T19:08:12.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "The virus that causes COVID-19 can sometimes spread through tiny airborne particles", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 14539, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T17:51:28.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "The term \"long-haulers\" refers to people who experience long-term coronavirus symptoms", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 5981, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T19:13:40.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "COVID-19 is just like having the seasonal flu", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 83692, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T19:09:41.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which of the following statements is false?", "question_id": "Q8", "answer_description": "Early on, some people speculated that the novel coronavirus would behave like the seasonal flu. Now we know COVID-19 is much more contagious and spreads more rapidly than influenza.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Women who want to become pregnant some day", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 11019, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T18:46:58.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Anyone who has had a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to any vaccine ingredient", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 60977, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T19:13:40.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "People who have recovered from COVID-19", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 9796, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T18:27:30.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "People with underlying medical conditions", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 31586, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T18:11:02.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Who should not get a COVID-19 vaccine?", "question_id": "Q9", "answer_description": "CDC does not recommend COVID vaccination if you've had a severe allergic reaction to any COVID vaccine ingredient. Contact your doctor if you have questions about whether it's safe for you to be vaccinated.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "You can't get COVID-19 from a COVID-19 shot", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 17785, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T19:08:12.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Side effects are generally mild and short-lived", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 7045, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T19:09:41.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "It can take a few weeks after getting vaccinated for your body to build immunity to the virus", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 4246, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T18:46:58.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "None of the above", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 84302, "lastModified": "2021-09-01T19:13:40.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which of the following statements about COVID-19 are false?", "question_id": "Q10", "answer_description": "Vaccination is safe, effective, and an important tool for beating the pandemic.
" } ], "description": "News about the novel coronavirus is breaking nearly 24-7, which makes it challenging at best to keep up with the latest scientific evidence, especially when you're bombarded by false or misleading claims on social media. So how much do you really know about COVID-19? Take our quiz to gauge how knowledgeable you are.
", "gate": "none", "intro_page": true, "uuid": "c5d20a0c-6b54-4691-ac5b-7362b5c9e58c", "brand": "health", "headline": "Quiz: How Much Do You Know About Coronavirus?", "results": [ { "result_starting_range": 0, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Start Learning More", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 3, "result_description": "Time to bone up on the basic facts about COVID-19. Check out our COVID-19 condition center and subscribe to our daily Healthy Living newsletter and never miss an update.
\nMore on COVID-19:
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", "result_title": "Not Much." }, { "result_starting_range": 4, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Learn Some More", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 6, "result_description": "Not bad, but there’s much more to know about this illness. Subscribe to our daily Healthy Living newsletter and never miss an update.
\nMore on COVID-19:
\nIs the Coronavirus Worse Than the Flu? Here’s How the Two Illnesses Compare
\nLiving Through a Pandemic: A Guide to Surviving the New Normal
\nCoronavirus 101: Symptoms, Transmission, Severity and More
\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
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\nCoronavirus 101: Symptoms, Transmission, Severity and More
\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
", "result_title": "You Are Certified to Debate on Social Media." }, { "result_starting_range": 9, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Sign Up for Newsletters", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 10, "result_description": "You are definitely in the know! Keep coming back to Health.com for the latest information.
\nMore on COVID-19:
\nIs the Coronavirus Worse Than the Flu? Here’s How the Two Illnesses Compare
\nLiving Through a Pandemic: A Guide to Surviving the New Normal
\nCoronavirus 101: Symptoms, Transmission, Severity and More
\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
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