辉瑞和Moderna新冠疫苗有什么区别?以下是我们目前所知的情况
美国现在有两种新型冠状病毒疫苗来帮助抗击大流行。
继获得美国食品和药物管理局的新的紧急使用授权（EUA），美国人现在拥有对COVID-19大流行的打了两次疫苗选择：从生物技术公司，从Moderna的制药公司辉瑞一加一。
Moderna酒店的COVID-19疫苗是周五晚上正式批准紧急使用在FDA专家组建议批准该疫苗之后。12月11日，辉瑞的疫苗获得了EUA认证。这意味着Moderna的疫苗将加入辉瑞的行列卫生保健工作者和长期护理设施的居民美国疾病控制与预防中心推荐这两个高危人群首先接种疫苗。
它可以是混乱有两个不同的疫苗，以及可能更多的惊喜，在使用中，以防止同样的病毒，那么这里就是你需要了解的辉瑞和Moderna的疫苗如何比较什么。
COVID-19疫苗如何发挥作用?
这两种疫苗都是用信使RNA (mRNA)这一较新的技术制造的。
的mRNA疫苗作品由编码刺突蛋白的一部分SARS-CoV的-2，使COVID-19病毒的表面上发现的疾病控制和预防的中心(CDC)解释说。
疫苗真正使用编码的蛋白质的片段激发你体内的免疫反应。其结果是，你的抗体SARS-COV-2，也就是说，你的免疫系统，以帮助蛋白质抵御未来的病毒疾病。一旦你的身体创建了免疫反应，这两个蛋白和mRNA被淘汰，而抗体坚持围绕以保护你的未来。
这些mRNA疫苗不同于传统疫苗(如流感疫苗)，因为大多数传统的病毒性疾病疫苗是由在鸡蛋或其他哺乳动物细胞中生长的病毒制成的，根据辉瑞公司．制造一批mRNA疫苗不需要病毒(尽管少量病毒用于基因测序和疫苗测试)。
身体对传统疫苗和mRNA疫苗的反应也略有不同;在传统疫苗中，抗原或一部分病毒被注射到体内，然后在下一次身体遇到特定的病毒时形成特定的抗体。然而，在mRNA疫苗中，RNA向身体细胞提供制造抗原的指令。根据辉瑞公司的研究，这些细胞将抗原呈现给身体的免疫系统，促使t细胞和抗体反应来对抗疾病。
每种疫苗的效果如何?
每一种疫苗在两次注射后都是最有效的。在采访中纽约时报William C. Gruber，医学博士，高级副总裁辉瑞疫苗临床研究与开发部门表示，在16岁及以上的成年人中，辉瑞疫苗第一次注射后的有效性为52%，第二次注射后的有效性约为95%。该疫苗在不分性别、年龄和种族的人群中也有很高的疗效。
根据FDA审查的信息，在一项针对3万人的试验中，Moderna的疫苗对18岁及以上人群的COVID-19有效程度约为94.1%。虽然在功效上有很小的差别，但差别并不大。罗格斯大学罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊医学院(Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School)基础科学教授兼副主任德里克·桑特安吉洛(Derek Sant’angelo)博士说:“它们都能起作用。健康．
每种疫苗的副作用是什么?
与任何疫苗一样，预计会出现一些轻微的副作用。在一个事实表FDA就辉瑞公司的COVID-19疫苗提供的信息中，以下副作用被列为可能:
- 注射部位疼痛、肿胀或发红
- 疲劳
- 头疼
- 肌肉疼痛
- 发冷
- 关节疼痛
- 发烧
- 恶心想吐
- 淋巴结肿大
辉瑞还警告说，这种疫苗引发严重过敏反应的“可能性很小”，这种过敏反应通常会在接种后几分钟到一小时内出现。那些有严重过敏反应史的人应该对疫苗进行风险评估，建议在有医疗条件的环境下接种疫苗。
在一个食品药品监督管理局简报文件关于Moderna酒店的COVID-19疫苗，以下症状被列为潜在的副作用：
- 注射部位疼痛、肿胀或发红
- 疲劳
- 头疼
- 肌肉疼痛
- 关节疼痛
- 发冷
- 发烧
- 恶心/呕吐
虽然有在Moderna的临床试验中未见严重过敏反应的报道，它的预期，FDA和CDC仍然建议谨慎行使时有严重过敏反应史接种疫苗。
什么是每份疫苗的成分？
从技术上讲，每一种疫苗背后的公司都不需要公布具体细节，直到他们真正得到了FDA的授权。由于辉瑞公司的疫苗已获得EUA，其成分可在网上查看事实表．这些材料包括:
- 信使核糖核酸
- 脂质
- 氯化钾
- 单碱的磷酸钾
- 氯化钠
- 磷酸二钠脱水
- 蔗糖
Moderna最近还通过食品及药物管理局：
- 信使核糖核酸
- 脂质
- 缓血酸胺
- 缓血酸胺盐酸盐
- 醋酸
- 醋酸钠
- 蔗糖
一般讲，mRNA的做为疫苗繁重，而脂类帮助提供mRNA的你的身体，并用pH值保持稳定的疫苗中其他成分的帮助。“在一天结束的时候，这两种疫苗是非常相似的，”托马斯·鲁索，医学博士，教授，主任的传染性疾病在纽约布法罗大学，他说健康．“有两个人，但之间的专有的调整，在一天结束的时候，他们是非常相似的。”
拉杰夫费尔南多，医学博士，在全国COVID-19野战医院的传染病专家的工作，同意。“他们几乎是同样的事情，”他告诉健康．
疫苗是如何储存的?
这就是事情有点不同的地方。辉瑞的疫苗必须在特殊设计的、温度控制的热运输箱中运输，以保持环境温度在-70摄氏度(-94华氏度)左右辉瑞公司简报．疫苗可以在这种条件下储存10天。从那里开始，它需要在“超低温冰箱”中储存长达6个月。辉瑞公司表示，该公司的疫苗还可以在36到46华氏度之间的冰箱中储存5天，这种冰箱“在医院里很常见”。
Moderna疫苗有点不同。该公司说，它应该在零下20摄氏度(零下4华氏度)的条件下运输，并能在2到8摄氏度(36到46华氏度)的冷藏设备中保持稳定30天网上说．该疫苗在零下20摄氏度的条件下可以保持稳定6个月，在室温下可以保持稳定12小时。
为什么差异？圣 - 安吉洛说，“有更多的脂类的差异和可能的原因辉瑞需要存储低得多的温度的原因。”总体而言，虽然，“辉瑞疫苗是不太稳定，”鲁索博士说。
每种疫苗需要多少剂量，有多少人将接种疫苗?
费尔南多说，每种疫苗需要两剂，间隔几周注射。
根据辉瑞公司的说明书，该疫苗特别采用肌肉注射(注射到肌肉-通常是上臂的三角肌)，连续注射两次，间隔21天。同样，Moderna疫苗也采用肌肉注射方式，每隔28天注射两剂。
当纽约时报报道称，辉瑞公司已经与美国政府达成协议，可以提供100万剂的疫苗，足以在接种50万人美国三月2021美国目前正在努力使另一笔交易与辉瑞获得更多剂量的疫苗后来在2021年同时取得Moderna的与美国达成协议，电源300万剂疫苗足够接种1.5亿以人为在2021年第一季度和第二季度。
总之，无论你获得辉瑞或Moderna的疫苗或建议接种流感疫苗可以由FDA授权的路线，专家另一种疫苗，期。“把你能得到什么，”费尔南多博士说。鲁索博士对此表示赞同。“抓住它，而你可以，”他说。
截至发稿时，这篇报道中的信息是准确的。然而，随着围绕COVID-19的形势继续发展，一些数据可能自发布以来发生了变化。在《健康》杂志努力使我们的故事尽可能最新的同时，我们也鼓励读者通过使用CDC那谁，和当地卫生部门的资源。
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" } ], "description": "News about the novel coronavirus is breaking nearly 24-7, which makes it challenging at best to keep up with the latest scientific evidence, especially when you're bombarded by false or misleading claims on social media. So how much do you really know about COVID-19? Take our quiz to gauge how knowledgeable you are.
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\nCoronavirus 101: Symptoms, Transmission, Severity and More
\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
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