如果你已经接种2019冠状病毒疾病，你需要疫苗吗？以下是专家们的说法
到目前为止，美国有1700多万起案件，很多人都在问这个问题。
第一个COVID-19疫苗12月14日，美国对高危医护人员进行了疫苗接种，这标志着一项雄心勃勃的免疫计划的开始，该计划旨在让每个美国人都有接种疫苗的选择。但是那些已经感染了covid -19的人呢?他们也应该接种疫苗吗?
根据免疫实践咨询委员会(ACIP)，该独立委员会就如何最好地控制美国的疫苗可预防疾病向美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)提供建议，之前感染过COVID-19的人不应排除接种疫苗的可能性。在一个幻灯片在12月12日的2019冠状病毒疾病防治委员会会议上，委员会指出，来自临床试验的数据表明，接种疫苗的人在先前感染CVID-19的人身上“安全有效”，无论他们是否表现出症状。
但是2019冠状病毒疾病的人没有免疫力吗？
是的，有时。“问题在于，在以前被感染过的人之间，免疫水平（由抗体水平决定）差异很大，”斯蒂芬·拉塞尔，医学博士，博士，首席执行官兼该公司联合创始人imani生命科学,他告诉健康．“较高水平的中和抗体提供了更好的防止新感染，”罗素博士解释道。“感染的更严重症状通常导致更高水平的中和抗体，而症状较小可能导致较低或没有可测量的中和抗体产生。”
换句话说，如果你感染了非常轻微的COVID-19，你的免疫系统可能没有形成足够的抗体。同样的情况也可能发生在那些经历过更严重形式的疾病的人身上。一项研究发表在免疫学前沿2020年5月发现，COVID-19感染在住院患者中非常严重，导致他们的免疫反应衰竭，对病毒的免疫记忆没有充分形成。
需要更多的证据来确定以前受感染的人再次感染的风险，以及他们的保护性免疫力持续多久。”罗素博士说，一种可能的方案是，在CVID-19的原始发作后六个月内，将给先前感染的人提供助推疫苗，但首先我们需要更多的信息来了解自然感染后免疫力下降的速度。
他补充说，中和抗体的保护作用和免疫力可能会随着时间的推移而减弱并最终消失。”在2019冠状病毒疾病恢复后的最初几个月内，甚至可以看到中和抗体的显著减少。这表明疫苗接种可能是有益的，不管你是否有轻微或严重的COVID-19型。
疫苗如何影响已经拥有COVID-19的人？
到目前为止，疫苗试验集中在没有接触过COVID-19的人身上，所以还不清楚疫苗接种对那些接触过COVID-19的人有什么影响。
“COVID-19疫苗引发了对刺突蛋白的免疫反应，刺突蛋白是每个病毒表面描绘的红色‘花椰菜茎’样的突出物，我们可以在接种疫苗后寻找COVID-19抗体，从而‘测量’它。”查尔斯贝利普罗维登斯圣约瑟夫医院和普罗维登斯特派团医院（加利福尼亚州）的医学主任，加利福尼亚州的普罗维登斯医院医疗主任告诉健康．贝利博士解释说，这些抗体应该通过预防或减轻随后的COVID-19感染症状，在一段时间内具有保护作用。虽然“一段时间”目前还没有明确定义，但他表示，可能至少是3个月，可能更久。
当已经有2019冠状病毒疾病的人接种疫苗后，他们的免疫力就得到了有效的提升，这意味着他们希望能长期被保护。即使人们接种了疫苗，也可能需要额外的增强剂量来保持免疫力。”关于高危人群可能需要每6个月或12个月接受一次强化疫苗接种的讨论正在进行中，但在我们弄清楚这个问题之前，还需要更多的数据，”Russell博士说。
如果你有Covid-19什么时候你会得到疫苗？
ACIP建议推迟接种，直到你从急性疾病中康复（如果你有症状），并完成隔离期。对于大多数人来说，这是症状出现后的10天，前提是至少24小时没有发烧疾病控制与预防中心的指导意见中．
该委员会还指出，目前的证据表明，COVID-19再次感染在最初感染后的90天内并不常见，因此，如果他们愿意，在此前90天内有急性感染记录的人可能会推迟接种疫苗，直到这段时间结束。
有没有一种方法可以测试对新冠病毒的免疫力持续多久?
是的，通过反复测量患者的中和抗体。“我们可以使用量化中和抗体试验（例如PRNT或免疫COV™）每隔几个月来做这件事，”Russell博士说。“这些试验测量病毒中和抗体 - 可以阻止SARS-COV-2感染的抗体在身体中保持和展开 - 并评估水平，从而评估该人对Covid-19的免疫力的强度和耐用性随着时间的推移。“
拉塞尔博士补充说，在疫苗供应有限的情况下，这可能是一种有助于优先分配疫苗的方法，抗体水平最低的弱势人群可以走到最前线。
截至发稿时，这篇报道中的信息是准确的。然而，随着围绕COVID-19的形势继续发展，一些数据可能自发布以来发生了变化。在《健康》杂志努力使我们的故事尽可能最新的同时，我们也鼓励读者通过使用疾病控制中心,谁，以及他们当地的公共卫生部门作为资源。
要想让我们的头条新闻进入你的收件箱，请注册健康生活通讯
You might have wild dreams when you're ill—fever can do that. But bizarre or emotionally intense fever dreams are not recognized as a symptom of COVID-19.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Wear a mask", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 7011, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T05:41:16.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Wash your hands", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 42284, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T03:17:55.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Maintain social distance from others", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 6348, "lastModified": "2021-08-19T21:51:55.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Wipe down groceries packaged in cardboard or plastic wrap with bleach", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 55876, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T07:53:04.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "To slow the spread of COVID-19, don't do this:", "question_id": "Q3", "answer_description": "CDC specifically warns against using disinfecting products on food or food packaging. You don't want to accidentally taint your food. Plus, the risk of COVID-19 from handling or consuming food is thought to be low. Use disinfectants like bleach to wipe down tables, countertops, and faucets
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "A multi-layer medical procedure mask (aka a surgical mask or disposable face mask)", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 8968, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T06:23:18.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A mask with a vent or valve", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 79760, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T07:09:36.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A cloth mask made of two or more breathable, washable layers", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 17542, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T07:53:04.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A cloth mask over a surgical mask", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 5248, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T05:32:32.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which masking option is least effective for stopping the spread of COVID-19?", "question_id": "Q4", "answer_description": "If your mask has a vent or valve, respiratory particles may escape and reach other people. Opt instead for a well-fitting mask with multiple layers, or wear a cloth mask over a disposable mask to secure the underlying mask to your face.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Anal swab testing", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 94945, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T07:53:04.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Nasal swab testing", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 11389, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T03:17:55.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Saliva testing", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 3073, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T02:14:45.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Throat swab testing", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 2111, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T05:13:20.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which COVID-19 screening method is not routinely in use in the US?", "question_id": "Q5", "answer_description": "Most diagnostic tests rely on mucus collected from your nose or throat, and some use saliva that you spit into a test tube. While China is using anal swab testing, that method hasn't caught on in the US.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "2 to 12 hours", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 5044, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T04:22:39.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "3 days", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 24030, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T06:02:59.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "14 days", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 81639, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T07:53:04.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "30 days", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 806, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T03:11:32.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "How long is the incubation period—the amount time from when you are infected with the novel coronavirus to when you exhibit symptoms?", "question_id": "Q6", "answer_description": "The incubation is thought to be 14 days, with a median of 4 to 5 days. (But keep in mind that some people never develop symptoms).
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "A variant", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 73234, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T07:53:04.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A high viral load", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 9456, "lastModified": "2021-08-19T17:07:42.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A vaccine", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 11349, "lastModified": "2021-08-19T00:02:39.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Another virus, like influenza", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 17480, "lastModified": "2021-08-19T22:36:10.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "A mutated version of the virus that causes COVID-19 is called:", "question_id": "Q7", "answer_description": "Variants of the virus that causes COVID-19 have been identified in the US and around the world. Scientists are studying these variants to learn how they spread and whether current vaccines will protect against them.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Researchers have coined the term \"coronaphobia\" to describe the fear of contracting COVID-19", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 8900, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T07:53:04.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "The virus that causes COVID-19 can sometimes spread through tiny airborne particles", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 14441, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T04:56:23.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "The term \"long-haulers\" refers to people who experience long-term coronavirus symptoms", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 5867, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T00:15:49.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "COVID-19 is just like having the seasonal flu", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 82312, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T07:37:02.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which of the following statements is false?", "question_id": "Q8", "answer_description": "Early on, some people speculated that the novel coronavirus would behave like the seasonal flu. Now we know COVID-19 is much more contagious and spreads more rapidly than influenza.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Women who want to become pregnant some day", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 10945, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T03:05:07.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Anyone who has had a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to any vaccine ingredient", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 59442, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T07:53:04.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "People who have recovered from COVID-19", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 9732, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T05:32:32.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "People with underlying medical conditions", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 31400, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T07:37:02.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Who should not get a COVID-19 vaccine?", "question_id": "Q9", "answer_description": "CDC does not recommend COVID vaccination if you've had a severe allergic reaction to any COVID vaccine ingredient. Contact your doctor if you have questions about whether it's safe for you to be vaccinated.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "You can't get COVID-19 from a COVID-19 shot", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 17281, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T06:06:45.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Side effects are generally mild and short-lived", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 6866, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T07:53:04.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "It can take a few weeks after getting vaccinated for your body to build immunity to the virus", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 4133, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T03:17:55.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "None of the above", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 83239, "lastModified": "2021-08-20T07:37:02.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which of the following statements about COVID-19 are false?", "question_id": "Q10", "answer_description": "Vaccination is safe, effective, and an important tool for beating the pandemic.
" } ], "description": "News about the novel coronavirus is breaking nearly 24-7, which makes it challenging at best to keep up with the latest scientific evidence, especially when you're bombarded by false or misleading claims on social media. So how much do you really know about COVID-19? Take our quiz to gauge how knowledgeable you are.
", "gate": "none", "intro_page": true, "uuid": "c5d20a0c-6b54-4691-ac5b-7362b5c9e58c", "brand": "health", "headline": "Quiz: How Much Do You Know About Coronavirus?", "results": [ { "result_starting_range": 0, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Start Learning More", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 3, "result_description": "Time to bone up on the basic facts about COVID-19. Check out our COVID-19 condition center and subscribe to our daily Healthy Living newsletter and never miss an update.
\nMore on COVID-19:
\nIs the Coronavirus Worse Than the Flu? Here's How the Two Illnesses Compare
\nLiving Through a Pandemic: A Guide to Surviving the New Normal
\nCoronavirus 101: Symptoms, Transmission, Severity and More
\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
", "result_title": "Not Much." }, { "result_starting_range": 4, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Learn Some More", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 6, "result_description": "Not bad, but there’s much more to know about this illness. Subscribe to our daily Healthy Living newsletter and never miss an update.
\nMore on COVID-19:
\nIs the Coronavirus Worse Than the Flu? Here’s How the Two Illnesses Compare
\nLiving Through a Pandemic: A Guide to Surviving the New Normal
\nCoronavirus 101: Symptoms, Transmission, Severity and More
\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
", "result_title": "You Know Some Things About Some Things." }, { "result_starting_range": 7, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Stay Updated with Newsletters", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 8, "result_description": "Terrific. Keep reading about COIVD-19 on Health.com and stay safe!
\nMore on COVID-19:
\nIs the Coronavirus Worse Than the Flu? Here’s How the Two Illnesses Compare
\nLiving Through a Pandemic: A Guide to Surviving the New Normal
\nCoronavirus 101: Symptoms, Transmission, Severity and More
\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
", "result_title": "You Are Certified to Debate on Social Media." }, { "result_starting_range": 9, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Sign Up for Newsletters", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 10, "result_description": "You are definitely in the know! Keep coming back to Health.com for the latest information.
\nMore on COVID-19:
\nIs the Coronavirus Worse Than the Flu? Here’s How the Two Illnesses Compare
\nLiving Through a Pandemic: A Guide to Surviving the New Normal
\nCoronavirus 101: Symptoms, Transmission, Severity and More
\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
", "result_title": "You're a Know-it-All! " } ], "pqt_id": "cms/onecms_posts_health_7836984", "content_cms_id": "7861200", "registration_source": 20566, "amp_headline": "Quiz: How Much Do You Know About Coronavirus?", "type": "node-interactive-content", "meta": { "pinterest:media": "//www.dhljerseys.com/img/misc/og-generic.png", "og:image": "//www.dhljerseys.com/img/misc/og-generic.png", "og:image:width": null, "og:image:height": null, "twitter:image": "//www.dhljerseys.com/img/misc/og-generic.png", "description": "Quiz: How Much Do You Know About Coronavirus?" }, "social_headline": "Quiz: How Much Do You Know About Coronavirus?", "seo_headline": "Quiz: How Much Do You Know About Coronavirus?" }" data-cms-id="7836984" id="c5d20a0c-6b54-4691-ac5b-7362b5c9e58c">