呕吐是COVID-19的症状吗?医生们是这么说的
胃肠道问题可能是冠状病毒感染的信号，即使恶心和呕吐是你唯一的症状。
最常见的COVID-19症状基本上都是呼吸系统疾病的症状:发烧，持续的咳嗽、疲劳、肌肉疼痛．但是根据疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)表示，许多COVID-19患者会出现恶心、呕吐或腹泻等胃肠道症状，有时甚至在出现呼吸道症状之前就会出现。
“COVID-19可以表现在许多方面。我曾见过患者只有呕吐和腹泻的症状，但他们通常也有发烧的症状，”乔治·沃尔纳斯医学博士，急诊科的医疗主任玛丽医疗中心普罗维登斯小公司加州托伦斯市的一名男子告诉我们健康．
据传闻，呕吐与COVID-19有关。今年3月，来自威斯康辛州麦迪逊的22岁的艾米·谢塞尔开始在一份邮件中详细描述她的COVID-19症状一系列的微博．“我今年22岁，COVID-19检测呈阳性。相信我——你不会想染上这种病的，”她写道。Shircel分享说，她最初几天的病情是可控的，只有轻微的咳嗽、头痛、发冷和流鼻涕。因为她最近刚刚去过欧洲，她的州允许她在轻微症状的情况下进行COVID-19检测。但事情在第三天有所进展。“我什么都放不下。我一直在呕吐。我睡不着，显然也吃不下饭。”第二天，她得到了COVID-19阳性诊断。 She detailed her symptoms through day 12 of her illness—after being hospitalized for dehydration—and still had "all the major symptoms" even then, but is apparently recovered now.
Shircel不是唯一的一个:在一篇评论文章中《纽约时报》在美国，作家阿比盖尔·塔尔特林详细描述了她所认为的冠状病毒的经历以及伴随它而来的症状。“这是发生在我身上的事，”她写道。“3月6日，星期五的早上，我醒来时有轻微的不适喉咙痛委婉地说，还有消化问题。”仅仅四天后，她感染了疑似诺如病毒的病毒。“丰富的呕吐。我一整天都在沙发和浴室之间辗转，为自己感到难过，”她写道。几天后，她出现了咳嗽、肌肉疼痛和肺痛——尽管她从未接受COVID-19检测，但她认为这是导致她症状的原因。
研究还发现，除了其他呼吸道症状外，恶心和呕吐等胃肠道问题也是COVID-19的症状。一些与COVID-19相关的胃肠道问题最早的研究来自中国，并发表在《英国医学杂志》上肠道3月。该研究的作者来自浙江大学研究发现，在1月17日至2月8日期间中国浙江省住院的651名患者中，74名患者(占11.4%)出现恶心、呕吐或腹泻等至少一种胃肠道症状。
另一项来自北京的研究发表在该杂志上消化道药理学与治疗学他分析了2019年12月至2020年2月期间发表的所有与消化问题有关的COVID-19临床研究和病例报告。研究人员发现，3.6%至15.9%的COVID-19成年患者出现呕吐，以及食欲不振、恶心、腹痛甚至消化道出血等其他胃肠道问题。研究还发现，感染COVID-19的儿童比成人更常见呕吐，6.5%至66.7%的感染儿童出现呕吐症状。
有时，呕吐和其他胃肠道问题是COVID-19感染的唯一迹象，或感染的前兆。根据发表在美国胃肠病学杂志今年4月，在1月18日至2月28日期间在中国湖北省住院的204名COVID-19患者中，超过50%的人报告了食欲不振、腹泻、呕吐或腹痛等消化症状。其中六名患者没有任何呼吸道症状。发表在美国医学协会杂志还发现了14名冠状病毒患者，他们在出现任何发烧或呼吸道症状之前就有腹泻和恶心的症状，约占该研究138人样本量的10%。
虽然专家们还不完全确定COVID-19为什么或如何导致呕吐或其他胃肠道症状，但研究人员有一个理论:因为冠状病毒攻击的体内血管紧张素转换酶2 (ace2)分子不仅存在于肺部，也存在于胃肠道，这可能解释了为什么有些人会出现胃部问题。另一项研究发表美国胃肠病学杂志这表明病毒可以通过ACE2的细胞表面受体进入消化系统。这种酶的受体在胃肠道中比在呼吸道中多100倍。不过，还需要做更多的研究来确定确切的机制。
所有这些研究和轶事证据都表明，在COVID-19大流行期间，不应忽视呕吐和其他胃肠道问题，这些症状可能需要进行检测，看看你是否感染了病毒。Vournas博士说:“如果你出现呕吐和腹泻，而没有其他明显原因，那么明智的做法是考虑你可能感染了COVID-19。”“在这种情况下，接受检测将是下一个最好的步骤。”
如果你有呕吐的症状，并已经接受了COVID-19检测，你能做的最好的事情就是在等待结果的同时自我隔离，并在家里治疗自己。的疾病预防控制中心建议保持水分充足，尽可能多休息，避免吃让你的胃不舒服的食物，并密切关注你的症状。但Vournas博士说，“如果你有呕吐，如果你的症状持续超过24小时，或者你正在经历高烧、腹痛、呕吐时出现血色或深色‘咖啡泥’样貌，你就应该去看医生，”因为这可能是一个更严重的迹象，需要立即治疗。
截至发稿时，这篇报道中的信息是准确的。然而，随着COVID-19疫情的持续发展，一些数据在发布后可能发生了变化。《健康》杂志正在努力使我们的报道尽可能保持最新，我们也鼓励读者通过使用疾病预防控制中心，谁和当地公共卫生部门作为资源。
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You might have wild dreams when you're ill—fever can do that. But bizarre or emotionally intense fever dreams are not recognized as a symptom of COVID-19.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Wear a mask", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 7578, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T00:45:06.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Wash your hands", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 42416, "lastModified": "2021-11-30T20:46:18.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Maintain social distance from others", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 6633, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T20:23:35.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Wipe down groceries packaged in cardboard or plastic wrap with bleach", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 66633, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T21:51:12.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "To slow the spread of COVID-19, don't do this:", "question_id": "Q3", "answer_description": "CDC specifically warns against using disinfecting products on food or food packaging. You don't want to accidentally taint your food. Plus, the risk of COVID-19 from handling or consuming food is thought to be low. Use disinfectants like bleach to wipe down tables, countertops, and faucets
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "A multi-layer medical procedure mask (aka a surgical mask or disposable face mask)", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 9963, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T18:01:15.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A mask with a vent or valve", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 87009, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T21:51:12.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A cloth mask made of two or more breathable, washable layers", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 20007, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T20:23:35.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A cloth mask over a surgical mask", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 6280, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T17:38:07.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which masking option is least effective for stopping the spread of COVID-19?", "question_id": "Q4", "answer_description": "If your mask has a vent or valve, respiratory particles may escape and reach other people. Opt instead for a well-fitting mask with multiple layers, or wear a cloth mask over a disposable mask to secure the underlying mask to your face.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Anal swab testing", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 104991, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T21:51:12.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Nasal swab testing", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 12182, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T15:06:53.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Saliva testing", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 3499, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T15:29:31.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Throat swab testing", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 2587, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T18:01:15.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which COVID-19 screening method is not routinely in use in the US?", "question_id": "Q5", "answer_description": "Most diagnostic tests rely on mucus collected from your nose or throat, and some use saliva that you spit into a test tube. While China is using anal swab testing, that method hasn't caught on in the US.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "2 to 12 hours", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 5790, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T19:29:42.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "3 days", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 27895, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T21:00:11.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "14 days", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 88699, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T21:51:12.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "30 days", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 875, "lastModified": "2021-12-01T04:27:41.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "How long is the incubation period—the amount time from when you are infected with the novel coronavirus to when you exhibit symptoms?", "question_id": "Q6", "answer_description": "The incubation is thought to be 14 days, with a median of 4 to 5 days. (But keep in mind that some people never develop symptoms).
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "A variant", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 84490, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T21:51:12.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A high viral load", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 9576, "lastModified": "2021-11-28T15:57:08.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A vaccine", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 11490, "lastModified": "2021-11-30T21:39:14.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Another virus, like influenza", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 17704, "lastModified": "2021-11-30T23:24:24.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "A mutated version of the virus that causes COVID-19 is called:", "question_id": "Q7", "answer_description": "Variants of the virus that causes COVID-19 have been identified in the US and around the world. Scientists are studying these variants to learn how they spread and whether current vaccines will protect against them.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Researchers have coined the term \"coronaphobia\" to describe the fear of contracting COVID-19", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 10594, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T19:36:34.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "The virus that causes COVID-19 can sometimes spread through tiny airborne particles", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 14970, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T19:18:09.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "The term \"long-haulers\" refers to people who experience long-term coronavirus symptoms", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 6572, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T18:08:15.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "COVID-19 is just like having the seasonal flu", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 91125, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T21:51:12.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which of the following statements is false?", "question_id": "Q8", "answer_description": "Early on, some people speculated that the novel coronavirus would behave like the seasonal flu. Now we know COVID-19 is much more contagious and spreads more rapidly than influenza.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Women who want to become pregnant some day", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 11381, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T00:49:54.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Anyone who has had a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to any vaccine ingredient", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 69228, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T21:51:12.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "People who have recovered from COVID-19", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 10168, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T15:06:53.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "People with underlying medical conditions", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 32483, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T18:11:32.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Who should not get a COVID-19 vaccine?", "question_id": "Q9", "answer_description": "CDC does not recommend COVID vaccination if you've had a severe allergic reaction to any COVID vaccine ingredient. Contact your doctor if you have questions about whether it's safe for you to be vaccinated.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "You can't get COVID-19 from a COVID-19 shot", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 20398, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T21:00:11.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Side effects are generally mild and short-lived", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 8155, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T19:12:13.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "It can take a few weeks after getting vaccinated for your body to build immunity to the virus", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 4811, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T21:51:12.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "None of the above", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 89896, "lastModified": "2021-12-02T20:29:53.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which of the following statements about COVID-19 are false?", "question_id": "Q10", "answer_description": "Vaccination is safe, effective, and an important tool for beating the pandemic.
" } ], "description": "News about the novel coronavirus is breaking nearly 24-7, which makes it challenging at best to keep up with the latest scientific evidence, especially when you're bombarded by false or misleading claims on social media. So how much do you really know about COVID-19? Take our quiz to gauge how knowledgeable you are.
", "gate": "none", "intro_page": true, "uuid": "c5d20a0c-6b54-4691-ac5b-7362b5c9e58c", "brand": "health", "headline": "Quiz: How Much Do You Know About Coronavirus?", "results": [ { "result_starting_range": 0, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Start Learning More", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 3, "result_description": "Time to bone up on the basic facts about COVID-19. Check out our COVID-19 condition center and subscribe to our daily Healthy Living newsletter and never miss an update.
\nMore on COVID-19:
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", "result_title": "Not Much." }, { "result_starting_range": 4, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Learn Some More", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 6, "result_description": "Not bad, but there’s much more to know about this illness. Subscribe to our daily Healthy Living newsletter and never miss an update.
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\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
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\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
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\nLiving Through a Pandemic: A Guide to Surviving the New Normal
\nCoronavirus 101: Symptoms, Transmission, Severity and More
\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
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