一小部分人在注射了新冠疫苗后患上了这种罕见的血液疾病
专家们正在寻找可能的联系。
数百万美国人排队等候2019冠状病毒疾病，而有些人则有疼痛、疲劳或发烧，大多数副作用都很轻微。这就是为什么最近一篇关于一种罕见血液疾病的头条新闻——一种称为免疫性血小板减少症（ITP）的疾病——据报道，这种疾病发生在少数人接种了新冠病毒疫苗后，可能会让你停下来。
2月初，纽约时报关于少数患者接种疫苗后出现问题的突发新闻。当时，已向联邦政府的疫苗不良事件报告系统（VAERS）提交了36份ITP报告时代报道。据新闻报道，ITP与今年1月佛罗里达州一名医生因脑出血死亡的情况相同。
美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)表示，任何人，包括卫生保健提供者、患者、他们的家庭成员和州免疫计划，都可以报告在接种疫苗后发生的不良事件。FDA和疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)都审查了向VAERS报告的数据。FDA将该报告系统描述为疫苗上市后密切关注患者安全的“有价值的工具”。
在评论中美国血液学杂志研究人员对证据进行了研究:辉瑞和Moderna的COVID疫苗与ITP之间是否存在关系?
正如纽约市的威尔康尔康奈尔医学教授詹姆斯Bussel，MD教授，曾告诉过健康2月份，向VAERS提交的报告中只有19份是ITP的“明确案例”。这两个新冠病毒制造商的病例数相等，而且似乎没有年龄或性别特异性。在在线评论中，他和他的同事指出，接种新冠病毒疫苗后ITP的发病率“似乎低于或大致相当于接种疫苗后巧合病例的发病率。”
最近几周，Bussel博士听说了更多的病例，他和他的团队计划在不久的将来更新他们的数字。
但如果你正在考虑接种新冠病毒疫苗，这就是为什么你不必过度关注这种罕见血液疾病的报道。没有人确切知道疫苗与ITP病例之间是否存在联系。是注射导致了问题，还是这些人无论如何都会出现免疫性血小板减少症？接种疫苗后出现症状只是巧合吗？
如果有是一个因果关系，它很可能是一个非常罕见的事件。在对Moderna和辉瑞的疫苗进行的临床试验中，严重的不良事件非常罕见，而且无论试验参与者接受疫苗还是安慰剂，发生的几率都差不多。这两家制药公司的试验数据分别发表在《世界卫生组织》的报告中新英格兰医学杂志，在临床试验期间记录的不良事件中没有提及血小板减少症。
虽然在74,000名试验参与者中可能没有浮出水面，但随着更多人接种疫苗，案例可能会在这里和那里弹出。“当数百万接种疫苗时，不可避免地将是一些发展ITP的人，”Bussel博士说。
什么是免疫性血小板减少症?
血小板减少症是一个医学术语，意思是血小板计数低。梅奥诊所说，血小板是一种帮助血液凝结的血细胞。不同类型的血小板减少症有不同的原因。
根据FDA的数据，ITP，即免疫性血小板减少症，在美国每年3.5万人中就有1人患有。有了ITP，身体的免疫系统就会攻击和破坏自己的血小板，产生的血小板比正常情况下要少。“原因不明，你的免疫系统会产生血小板抗体，”Bussel博士解释道，他说有几种不同的理论可以解释为什么会发生这种情况。他说，已知其他疫苗也会发生这种情况。
Bussel博士说，通常，血小板计数为每微升血液150,000到450,000次。可以具有低于正常的血小板计数，而没有症状。然而，当血小板计数足够低并且症状确实发生时，瘀伤和出血很常见，他说。引脚大小的红紫色斑点，称为Petechiae可以出现在皮肤上。流鼻血，从嘴巴出血，也可能发生沉重的时期。他说，大多数人对静脉内免疫球蛋白和/或类固醇的反应治疗。
疫苗制造商如何处理出血病例
FDA发言人表示，通过使用VAERS，任何人都可以通过关键词和症状搜索COVID疫苗的不良事件健康.
这个时代描述了一个纽约市女人在她的嘴里和腿部瘀伤开发瘀伤，在她的第一剂在1月份的第一剂现代的Covid疫苗后，在她的嘴里和出血水疱。她在同一天住院了，她的症状出现了，并且在接受治疗后，上周发布。另一个女人在德克萨斯州，在她的手腕和脚踝上有沉重的阴道出血和红色斑点。她也成功地治疗了。
然而，56岁的迈阿密海滩产科医生格雷戈里·迈克尔（Gregory Michael，医学博士）在接受治疗三天后出现了血液紊乱症状辉瑞生物技术疫苗一月份，他死于脑出血。
在一份由健康2月份，辉瑞公司表示，它意识到疫苗接受者中血小板减少症病例，并收集信息与FDA分享。“然而，此时，我们没有能够与我们的疫苗建立因果关系，”公司表示。辉瑞进一步指出，密切监测所有不良事件
Moderna发言人指出，该公司持续监控其疫苗的安全性，并与监管机构分享安全信息，并补充说，血小板减少率远低于此类事件的预期数量。
美国食品和药物管理局发言人健康今年2月，该机构表示“将继续调查和评估血小板减少症的报告病例，随着我们对这些事件的进一步了解，我们将向公众通报最新情况。”
你应该担心接种疫苗吗？
一句话，不。首先，根据非营利患者支持组织血小板疾病支持协会（PDSA）医学咨询委员会的一份声明，目前不可能知道接受新冠病毒疫苗的患者的ITP病例是因果还是巧合。
ITP 2019冠状病毒疾病的风险似乎比COVID-19的风险低很多。“巴斯尔博士说：”这不应该为人们不接种疫苗提供理由。如果他们有任何不确定的地方，他们应该咨询他们的医生。”
但是如果你已经有了ITP呢?你应该接种疫苗吗?根据现有信息，PDSA的医疗顾问表示，患有先天性ITP的人“不应犹豫”接种COVID疫苗，并补充说，个人可以选择在继续接种前咨询他们的血液学家或其他医生。
截至发稿时，这篇报道中的信息是准确的。然而，随着围绕COVID-19的形势继续发展，一些数据可能自发布以来发生了变化。在《健康》杂志努力使我们的故事尽可能最新的同时，我们也鼓励读者通过使用疾病控制中心,WHO，以及他们当地的公共卫生部门作为资源。
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You might have wild dreams when you're ill—fever can do that. But bizarre or emotionally intense fever dreams are not recognized as a symptom of COVID-19.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Wear a mask", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 6886, "lastModified": "2021-08-04T22:10:15.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Wash your hands", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 42251, "lastModified": "2021-08-04T20:27:47.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Maintain social distance from others", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 6283, "lastModified": "2021-08-05T01:57:50.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Wipe down groceries packaged in cardboard or plastic wrap with bleach", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 53713, "lastModified": "2021-08-05T03:59:46.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "To slow the spread of COVID-19, don't do this:", "question_id": "Q3", "answer_description": "CDC specifically warns against using disinfecting products on food or food packaging. You don't want to accidentally taint your food. Plus, the risk of COVID-19 from handling or consuming food is thought to be low. Use disinfectants like bleach to wipe down tables, countertops, and faucets
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "A multi-layer medical procedure mask (aka a surgical mask or disposable face mask)", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 8746, "lastModified": "2021-08-05T03:53:36.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A mask with a vent or valve", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 78299, "lastModified": "2021-08-05T03:59:46.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A cloth mask made of two or more breathable, washable layers", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 17048, "lastModified": "2021-08-05T03:38:31.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A cloth mask over a surgical mask", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 5039, "lastModified": "2021-08-05T03:07:17.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which masking option is least effective for stopping the spread of COVID-19?", "question_id": "Q4", "answer_description": "If your mask has a vent or valve, respiratory particles may escape and reach other people. Opt instead for a well-fitting mask with multiple layers, or wear a cloth mask over a disposable mask to secure the underlying mask to your face.
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" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "2 to 12 hours", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 4895, "lastModified": "2021-08-05T01:48:01.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "3 days", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 23260, "lastModified": "2021-08-05T03:59:46.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "14 days", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 80188, "lastModified": "2021-08-05T03:53:36.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "30 days", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 790, "lastModified": "2021-08-05T03:17:51.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "How long is the incubation period—the amount time from when you are infected with the novel coronavirus to when you exhibit symptoms?", "question_id": "Q6", "answer_description": "The incubation is thought to be 14 days, with a median of 4 to 5 days. (But keep in mind that some people never develop symptoms).
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" } ], "description": "News about the novel coronavirus is breaking nearly 24-7, which makes it challenging at best to keep up with the latest scientific evidence, especially when you're bombarded by false or misleading claims on social media. So how much do you really know about COVID-19? Take our quiz to gauge how knowledgeable you are.
", "gate": "none", "intro_page": true, "uuid": "c5d20a0c-6b54-4691-ac5b-7362b5c9e58c", "brand": "health", "headline": "Quiz: How Much Do You Know About Coronavirus?", "results": [ { "result_starting_range": 0, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Start Learning More", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 3, "result_description": "Time to bone up on the basic facts about COVID-19. Check out our COVID-19 condition center and subscribe to our daily Healthy Living newsletter and never miss an update.
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\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
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