冠状病毒是如何传播的?以下是你应该(和不应该)担心的事情
COVID-19仍有很多未知因素，但以下是我们对病毒传播方式的了解。
近550万确诊病例冠状病毒在美国(以及全球近2200万例病例)，很明显，无论是COVID-19，还是围绕它的焦虑，都不会很快消失。
因为导致这种疾病的病毒(技术上是SARS-CoV-2，供参考)是新的，很多恐惧围绕COVID-19源于我们对此的几点。幸运的是，专家确实知道有关病毒的传输的一些非常重要的事情，或者冠状病毒如何做出如何 - 并不传放。
总的来说，冠状病毒是如何传播的?
根据这一点疾病控制和预防中心在美国，COVID-19主要通过人际传播，通常通过密切接触(6英尺内)。美国疾病控制与预防中心表示，只要靠近一个咳嗽、打喷嚏或说话的感染者，你就会接触到他们感染的飞沫。如果这些含有病毒的颗粒落在你的眼睛、鼻子或嘴巴里，或者如果你把它们吸入肺部，你可能会被感染。疾控中心指出，有些人即使没有任何症状，也可能会把病毒传染给其他人。
如果病毒颗粒通过手动，触摸污染的表面或与手用病毒污染的人握手，然后触摸你的眼睛，鼻子或嘴巴，你也可以获得感染。“一个打喷嚏或咳嗽的人会捂住嘴巴，把它全部拿走，然后触摸你触摸的东西，”罗伯特·墨菲，MD，传染病西北大学专家，告诉健康．他补充说，当你触摸自己的脸时，病毒就会进入你的身体。
另一个注意事项:根据3月12日发布在网上的一篇评论，虽然在粪便中发现了这种病毒，但仍不清楚它是否会通过粪-口传播临床胃肠病学和肝病学．
你能分辨出某人是否感染了冠状病毒吗?
不幸的是，真正知道有人是否有Covid-19的唯一方法是测试它们 - 这是因为疾病的症状可能看起来非常相似普通感冒或者流感:咳嗽，发烧，身体疼痛。
同样重要的是要知道，并不是所有感染冠状病毒的人都有症状——就像艾滋病毒一样无症状携带者．它们可以藏匿病毒，并在出现症状之前将其传播给其他人。也有可能他们的症状非常轻微，以至于他们没有意识到自己感染了病毒。疾控中心估计，50%的传播发生在症状出现之前。
冠状病毒会在表面停留多久?
最近的冠状病毒爆发引发了今年2月发表在医院感染杂志该研究观察了其他冠状病毒(包括非典、中东呼吸综合征和其他地方性人类冠状病毒)，并确定它们可以在金属、玻璃或塑料等表面存活2小时至9天。后续的研究新英格兰医学杂志发现这种病毒可以在铜上存活4小时，在纸板上存活24小时，在塑料和不锈钢上存活2到3天。
然而，研究人员在2月和3月的三次游轮航行中检查了COVID-19的爆发，报告了第一个证据，表明病毒可能存在的时间比最初认为的要长得多。据23日报道，“钻石公主”号乘客(包括有症状者和无症状者)在离开客舱17天后，在客舱内发现了病毒痕迹发病率和死亡率周报从疾病预防控制中心。然而，该报告的作者说，这些数据不能用来确定病毒是否通过受污染的表面在人与人之间传播。
即使我们不知道病毒在表面停留的确切时间，但我们知道消毒表面被认为是帮助防止病毒传播的“最佳做法”。因此，擦拭普通表面(如果可能的话，避免触摸普通表面)将有助于减少传播。的疾病预防控制中心建议定期清洁桌子、台面、电灯开关、门把手和橱柜把手。然而，COVID-19不太可能通过邮件或包裹传播;墨菲医生说，如果是的话，还会有更多的病例。
冠状病毒通过食物传播吗?
这是一个公平的问题 - 特别是因为许多其他病毒，如诺罗病毒或其他胃肠病毒，可以通过受污染的食物传播。但是，如果一个受感染的人准备食物，或者从贩运的自助餐购买食物，冠状病毒似乎似乎没有排除风险纽约时报．
Thomas File Jr.，医学博士，东北俄亥俄医科大学传染病部主任，美国传染病学会主席，在最近的媒体吹风会上谈到了这个话题。“我认为我们不太担心农产品，尽管任何手接触到的东西，人们手上可能有病毒的地方，都可能有风险。”他建议人们清洗农产品。
到底什么是“社区传播”，这与冠状病毒有什么关系?
随着疾病在美国各地爆发，“社区传播”这个词进入了美国的冠状病毒词汇，最初是在人口密集的大都市地区。根据美国疾病控制与预防中心的说法，社区传播意味着某个特定地区的人们已经被感染，即使他们不知道是如何或在哪里感染的疾病。换句话说，他们不需要认识COVID-19患者或最近有去过爆发疫情的地方的旅行史，就会被感染。
纽约市曾是该疾病的主要中心，在大流行早期经历了猖獗的社区传播。今天，有33个“热点”州的COVID-19病例数量正在上升，阳性率(冠状病毒检测呈阳性的百分比)正在上升或持续高水平亨利·j·凯泽家庭基金会．
这只会让人们更加需要遵循CDC的预防措施:避免与他人密切接触，尤其是患者;戴一块布遮住脸，尤其是在不可能保持社交距离的时候;尽量不要触摸你的眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴;经常接触的物品要经常消毒;经常用肥皂和水洗手。
截至发稿时，这篇报道中的信息是准确的。然而，随着围绕COVID-19的形势继续发展，一些数据可能自发布以来发生了变化。在《健康》杂志努力使我们的故事尽可能最新的同时，我们也鼓励读者通过使用疾病预防控制中心，谁以及当地的公共卫生部门作为资源。
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You might have wild dreams when you're ill—fever can do that. But bizarre or emotionally intense fever dreams are not recognized as a symptom of COVID-19.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Wear a mask", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 6947, "lastModified": "2021-08-12T07:32:38.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Wash your hands", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 42272, "lastModified": "2021-08-11T14:09:34.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Maintain social distance from others", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 6326, "lastModified": "2021-08-12T12:57:38.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Wipe down groceries packaged in cardboard or plastic wrap with bleach", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 54843, "lastModified": "2021-08-12T15:56:21.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "To slow the spread of COVID-19, don't do this:", "question_id": "Q3", "answer_description": "CDC specifically warns against using disinfecting products on food or food packaging. You don't want to accidentally taint your food. Plus, the risk of COVID-19 from handling or consuming food is thought to be low. Use disinfectants like bleach to wipe down tables, countertops, and faucets
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" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "2 to 12 hours", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 4981, "lastModified": "2021-08-12T14:22:28.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "3 days", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 23648, "lastModified": "2021-08-12T15:56:21.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "14 days", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 80963, "lastModified": "2021-08-12T15:48:12.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "30 days", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 796, "lastModified": "2021-08-12T04:10:10.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "How long is the incubation period—the amount time from when you are infected with the novel coronavirus to when you exhibit symptoms?", "question_id": "Q6", "answer_description": "The incubation is thought to be 14 days, with a median of 4 to 5 days. (But keep in mind that some people never develop symptoms).
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "A variant", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 72158, "lastModified": "2021-08-12T15:56:21.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A high viral load", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 9448, "lastModified": "2021-08-12T08:03:22.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "A vaccine", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 11332, "lastModified": "2021-08-12T12:57:38.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Another virus, like influenza", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 17450, "lastModified": "2021-08-12T00:13:52.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "A mutated version of the virus that causes COVID-19 is called:", "question_id": "Q7", "answer_description": "Variants of the virus that causes COVID-19 have been identified in the US and around the world. Scientists are studying these variants to learn how they spread and whether current vaccines will protect against them.
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" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "Women who want to become pregnant some day", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 10904, "lastModified": "2021-08-12T05:51:07.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Anyone who has had a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to any vaccine ingredient", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 58518, "lastModified": "2021-08-12T15:56:21.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "People who have recovered from COVID-19", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 9689, "lastModified": "2021-08-12T06:11:00.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "People with underlying medical conditions", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 31277, "lastModified": "2021-08-12T15:11:05.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Who should not get a COVID-19 vaccine?", "question_id": "Q9", "answer_description": "CDC does not recommend COVID vaccination if you've had a severe allergic reaction to any COVID vaccine ingredient. Contact your doctor if you have questions about whether it's safe for you to be vaccinated.
" }, { "answer_choices": [ { "answer_title": "You can't get COVID-19 from a COVID-19 shot", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A1", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 16969, "lastModified": "2021-08-12T15:46:45.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "Side effects are generally mild and short-lived", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A2", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 6756, "lastModified": "2021-08-12T15:48:12.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "It can take a few weeks after getting vaccinated for your body to build immunity to the virus", "correct_answer": false, "answer_id": "A3", "answer_value": 0, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 4071, "lastModified": "2021-08-12T12:57:38.000Z" } }, { "answer_title": "None of the above", "correct_answer": true, "answer_id": "A4", "answer_value": 1, "$vf_selected_count": { "value": 82592, "lastModified": "2021-08-12T15:56:21.000Z" } } ], "answer_type": "text", "question_title": "Which of the following statements about COVID-19 are false?", "question_id": "Q10", "answer_description": "Vaccination is safe, effective, and an important tool for beating the pandemic.
" } ], "description": "News about the novel coronavirus is breaking nearly 24-7, which makes it challenging at best to keep up with the latest scientific evidence, especially when you're bombarded by false or misleading claims on social media. So how much do you really know about COVID-19? Take our quiz to gauge how knowledgeable you are.
", "gate": "none", "intro_page": true, "uuid": "c5d20a0c-6b54-4691-ac5b-7362b5c9e58c", "brand": "health", "headline": "Quiz: How Much Do You Know About Coronavirus?", "results": [ { "result_starting_range": 0, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Start Learning More", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 3, "result_description": "Time to bone up on the basic facts about COVID-19. Check out our COVID-19 condition center and subscribe to our daily Healthy Living newsletter and never miss an update.
\nMore on COVID-19:
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\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
", "result_title": "Not Much." }, { "result_starting_range": 4, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Learn Some More", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 6, "result_description": "Not bad, but there’s much more to know about this illness. Subscribe to our daily Healthy Living newsletter and never miss an update.
\nMore on COVID-19:
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\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
", "result_title": "You Know Some Things About Some Things." }, { "result_starting_range": 7, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Stay Updated with Newsletters", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 8, "result_description": "Terrific. Keep reading about COIVD-19 on Health.com and stay safe!
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\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
", "result_title": "You Are Certified to Debate on Social Media." }, { "result_starting_range": 9, "button": { "_type": "button", "title": "Sign Up for Newsletters", "src": "https://x.specialoffers.meredith.com/ats/show.aspx?cr=588&fm=201®source=20571" }, "result_ending_range": 10, "result_description": "You are definitely in the know! Keep coming back to Health.com for the latest information.
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\nWhile Health is trying to keep our content as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.
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