来看看我们的测试吧——因为减少吃甜食可能是你能为你的健康做的最好的事情。

通过辛西娅·萨斯,公共卫生硕士,注册营养师
2020年2月25日更新
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你以前听过,但它需要一遍又一遍地重复。我们吃的方式太多的糖。根据政府数据在美国,200年前美国人平均每年消耗2磅糖。今天,我们吃得更多60磅每年的添加糖量(是的,是每人)。每磅113茶匙,也就是每365天6780茶匙。

考虑到美国心脏协会(AHA)建议女性每天的添加糖摄入量不超过6茶匙,男性不超过9茶匙,我们远远超过了建议的上限。虽然有些糖的来源很明显,比如苏打水,糖果,或者你在咖啡中添加的糖,但甜食会以意想不到的方式潜入你的饮食。

不确定你自己的摄入量吗?在下面拿走我们的测验,了解你是否吃了太多的糖。

过量糖的危害

在我与客户打交道的过程中,我发现大多数人都知道糖与蛀牙或体重增加之间的联系。但很多人不知道太多的糖会在其他方面影响健康。

美国心脏协会推荐的每日限量认识到过量的糖和心脏病仍然是男性和女性的头号杀手。简而言之,添加糖是指你或制造商在食物中添加的糖,而不是新鲜水果或红薯中天然存在的糖。

根据2014年的一份报告研究发表在JAMA内科在美国,从添加糖中摄入17 - 21%卡路里的人死于心血管疾病的风险比从添加糖中只摄入8%卡路里的人高38%。如果你每天吃1600卡路里(一个成年女性的典型需求),8%就是128卡路里的添加糖。一罐12盎司的汽水含有大约150卡路里的热量。

过量的糖也会增加患病的几率2型糖尿病.在一个大研究这项研究覆盖了175个国家,研究人员估计,每人每天的糖摄入量每增加150卡路里,患糖尿病的人口比例就会增加1.1%。

某些癌症也与过量的糖摄入有关。这种联系可能是直接的,也可能是间接的,因为糖与体重增加、炎症和胰岛素抵抗这些都增加了患癌症的风险。

过多的糖分也会影响皮肤健康。一个研究在2300名青少年中发现,那些经常摄入添加糖的人患痤疮的风险要高出30%。对于老年人来说,过多的糖会加速晚期糖基化最终产物的形成,或者年龄,这会破坏皮肤弹性的蛋白质。

摄入过多的糖也会导致糖尿病的增加尿酸生产,这增加了风险痛风这是一种疼痛性关节炎,发病率一直在上升,甚至在年轻人中也是如此。

最后,过量的甜食会消耗你的能量。使用数据从30多项已发表的研究中,科学家们观察了糖对情绪各个方面的影响,包括疲劳、愤怒、警觉和抑郁。研究人员得出结论,吃糖的人比不吃糖的人感觉更累,警惕性更低——尤其是在吃糖后的第一个小时内——即使是在参加要求很高的脑力和体力活动时。他们还发现,吃糖对情绪的任何方面都没有积极影响,这意味着糖会让你精神振奋是一个谬论。

其他研究表明,过量的糖摄入量与抑郁有关。一个研究在6万多名女性中发现,那些添加糖摄入量最高的女性明显更有可能患上抑郁症。

如何削减糖

最好的减肥方法之一就是不喝含糖饮料,比如苏打水、甜茶、柠檬水等等。当涉及到明显的含糖食物,如烘焙食品、冰淇淋和其他零食时,要有选择性和战略性。我建议我的客户给自己的嗜好打分,从0到5,0代表无聊,5代表最爱。如果某样东西没有得到至少4分,你可能不会后悔放弃它。

享受真正特别的美食,但做一些简单的调整来创造平衡。例如,如果你知道你想在午餐后吃一块饼干,选择一个蔬菜沙拉,上面有瘦肉蛋白,而不是碳水化合物含量高的三明治或卷。要想找出隐藏的糖分来源,就要积极阅读标签。不仅要看营养成分面板上的糖克数,还要看成分表上以糖结尾的成分,比如葡萄糖,果糖,葡萄糖,麦芽糖,以及“糖浆”这个词。

当你的饮食以新鲜、未经加工的天然食品为基础时,你吃的包装食品越少,你的添加糖摄入量就会自动减少。这可能是对你每天的精力和整体健康最有影响的改变。

辛西娅, MPH, RD,是健康的特约营养编辑a纽约时报畅销书作家,纽约扬基队的顾问。

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It sounds like you’re pretty mindful of your sugar intake, or perhaps you don’t have a sweet tooth. In either case, your intake doesn’t sound excessive. If you enjoy some can’t-live-without sweet treats on occasion, keep doing so. And don’t forget to focus on the healthfulness of the remainder of your diet. Include plenty of veggies, along with lean protein; healthy fats like avocado, extra virgin olive oil, and nuts; and moderate portions of good carbs, like fresh fruit, sweet potato, and quinoa.

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It sounds like you have some room to curb your added sugar consumption. Perhaps you didn’t know about lesser-known sources like ketchup. Or maybe you didn’t realize just how frequently you were consuming sugary foods until now. Whatever the case, start by becoming a bit of a sugar sleuth. Read ingredient lists and look for sugar grams per serving on labels. Next, try some simple swaps that will still leave you feeling satisfied. For example, opting for two squares of dark chocolate in place of a few cookies can slash several grams of added sugar.

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Also, up your intake of fresh food. The AHA limits do not include sugars added to food by Mother Nature, like the sugar in fresh fruit or carrots. That means an apple with nuts or hummus with veggies are good snack choices.

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Based on your responses you’re likely getting too much added sugar. To cut back, set one goal at a time. For example, start by replacing sugary drinks with plain or sparkling H2O. Next, identify the sugary foods you feel you can realistically forego. For example, maybe you find a veggie and avocado omelet even more appealing than a bowl of sugary cereal for breakfast. If so, try to make the time in the a.m.

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Next, consider reducing the frequency of sweet treats rather than swearing them off completely. Make your favorites special splurges, and pass on options you can live without. As you gradually reduce your sugar intake you’ll probably notice an increase in your energy level, a reduction in cravings, and bonus benefits, like clearer skin and better sleep.

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